e-YDS: İngilizce Deneme Sınavı – 2

1. – 6. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük veya ifadeyi bulunuz.

In Central Africa, the rains are —- abundant in the southern regions, but they are reduced to a single very short period in the central zone and disappear almost completely in the extreme north.

Although China has, in recent years, made notable advances, particularly in manufacturing, agriculture will long —- fundamental to the economy.

The —- of sunlight into electricity is possible through the use of solar panels.

When you cook meat, a chemical reaction turns creatine into a group of compounds called heterocyclic amines and there is some evidence that these compounds —- cancer in high concentrations.

Some historians believe that human destiny is mostly shaped by the efforts of people to —— climate change, migration, disease, etc.

Ever since the —- remains of ancient states and cities were first discovered, the collapse of their civilizations has been a focus of debate and inquiry.{

7. – 16. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük veya ifadeyi bulunuz.

—- many people these days regularly use and rely on computers, many others do not even understand how the computer works.

Parents normally do not have the fear that, in marrying their daughter or son, they are losing their child to someone else —- a son-in-law or daughter-in-law arrives.

A caricature is often a drawing or painting —- a person is ridiculed by the exaggeration or distortion of his most obvious characteristics.

The vast sums of money spent to fight diseases such as AIDS and malaria in the past ten years have saved many lives —- have also sometimes undermined health systems in poor countries.

—- missing heat-shield tiles or a failed undercarriage door have allowed the airframe —-?

The part of an animal —- gases are exchanged with the environment is called the respiratory surface.

In the future, there will probably be so many people with the power to send signals —– space that it will not be possible to control communication —– galaxies.

The 2010 Nobel Prize —– chemistry was awarded —– three chemists all studying carbon compounds.

In the US, the percentage of obese people —- over the past two decades, and at present, 35% of the population —- overweight.

Sub-Saharan Africa —- at a relatively stable rate since the mid-1990s, and its growth —- in the following years.

17. – 21. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük veya ifadeyi bulunuz.

A hundred years ago, some scientists claimed that (17) —- studying a person’s face they could assess his or her mental ability and personal traits. While this practice (18) —-, scientists today believe that physiognomy – the study of the face and facial expressions ‒ can provide clues to understanding social relationships. The face, (19) —-, is the most distinctive feature of the human body, uniquely functioning as (20) —- an identity marker and a communication method. The human brain is (21) —- suited to recognizing faces and facial expressions, even if it cannot always connect names and personal details to those faces.

A hundred years ago, some scientists claimed that (17) —- studying a person’s face they could assess his or her mental ability and personal traits. While this practice (18) —-, scientists today believe that physiognomy – the study of the face and facial expressions ‒ can provide clues to understanding social relationships. The face, (19) —-, is the most distinctive feature of the human body, uniquely functioning as (20) —- an identity marker and a communication method. The human brain is (21) —- suited to recognizing faces and facial expressions, even if it cannot always connect names and personal details to those faces.

A hundred years ago, some scientists claimed that (17) —- studying a person’s face they could assess his or her mental ability and personal traits. While this practice (18) —-, scientists today believe that physiognomy – the study of the face and facial expressions ‒ can provide clues to understanding social relationships. The face, (19) —-, is the most distinctive feature of the human body, uniquely functioning as (20) —- an identity marker and a communication method. The human brain is (21) —- suited to recognizing faces and facial expressions, even if it cannot always connect names and personal details to those faces.

A hundred years ago, some scientists claimed that (17) —- studying a person’s face they could assess his or her mental ability and personal traits. While this practice (18) —-, scientists today believe that physiognomy – the study of the face and facial expressions ‒ can provide clues to understanding social relationships. The face, (19) —-, is the most distinctive feature of the human body, uniquely functioning as (20) —- an identity marker and a communication method. The human brain is (21) —- suited to recognizing faces and facial expressions, even if it cannot always connect names and personal details to those faces.

A hundred years ago, some scientists claimed that (17) —- studying a person’s face they could assess his or her mental ability and personal traits. While this practice (18) —-, scientists today believe that physiognomy – the study of the face and facial expressions ‒ can provide clues to understanding social relationships. The face, (19) —-, is the most distinctive feature of the human body, uniquely functioning as (20) —- an identity marker and a communication method. The human brain is (21) —- suited to recognizing faces and facial expressions, even if it cannot always connect names and personal details to those faces.

22. – 26. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük veya ifadeyi bulunuz.

The Spanish people take particular pride in their cultural heritage. (22) —– the traditional art form of flamenco dance and the three-act drama of the bullfight (corrida), the theatres and opera houses of Spanish cities provide one of the best ways of sharing the cultural experience (23) —– Spain. Many activities (24) —– well after midnight, and so taking full advantage of the afternoon siesta is a good way to (25) —– for the evening ahead. Further, Spain’s mountain ranges, woodlands and extensive coast offer great potential for scenic tours and sports vacations (26) —– alternatives to sunbathing on the beach.

The Spanish people take particular pride in their cultural heritage. (22) —– the traditional art form of flamenco dance and the three-act drama of the bullfight (corrida), the theatres and opera houses of Spanish cities provide one of the best ways of sharing the cultural experience (23) —– Spain. Many activities (24) —– well after midnight, and so taking full advantage of the afternoon siesta is a good way to (25) —– for the evening ahead. Further, Spain’s mountain ranges, woodlands and extensive coast offer great potential for scenic tours and sports vacations (26) —– alternatives to sunbathing on the beach.

The Spanish people take particular pride in their cultural heritage. (22) —– the traditional art form of flamenco dance and the three-act drama of the bullfight (corrida), the theatres and opera houses of Spanish cities provide one of the best ways of sharing the cultural experience (23) —– Spain. Many activities (24) —– well after midnight, and so taking full advantage of the afternoon siesta is a good way to (25) —– for the evening ahead. Further, Spain’s mountain ranges, woodlands and extensive coast offer great potential for scenic tours and sports vacations (26) —– alternatives to sunbathing on the beach.

The Spanish people take particular pride in their cultural heritage. (22) —– the traditional art form of flamenco dance and the three-act drama of the bullfight (corrida), the theatres and opera houses of Spanish cities provide one of the best ways of sharing the cultural experience (23) —– Spain. Many activities (24) —– well after midnight, and so taking full advantage of the afternoon siesta is a good way to (25) —– for the evening ahead. Further, Spain’s mountain ranges, woodlands and extensive coast offer great potential for scenic tours and sports vacations (26) —– alternatives to sunbathing on the beach.

The Spanish people take particular pride in their cultural heritage. (22) —– the traditional art form of flamenco dance and the three-act drama of the bullfight (corrida), the theatres and opera houses of Spanish cities provide one of the best ways of sharing the cultural experience (23) —– Spain. Many activities (24) —– well after midnight, and so taking full advantage of the afternoon siesta is a good way to (25) —– for the evening ahead. Further, Spain’s mountain ranges, woodlands and extensive coast offer great potential for scenic tours and sports vacations (26) —– alternatives to sunbathing on the beach.

27. – 36. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.

Although it was once thought of as a luxury food, —-.

It is asserted that human well-being can only be advanced —-.

In physical exercises to strengthen muscles, the best approach is to use a complete range of weights, —-.

Air pollution results mainly from human activity, —-.

Since albatross have the longest wings in nature, —-.

Geologists note that coal is similar to tar —-.

One of the most important aspects of our planet’s evolution is the formation of the atmosphere, —-.

Armed with gene sequences and the latest gene chip technologies to measure the activity of thousands of genes simultaneously, —-.

For any pain syndrome, surgery is the most extreme approach and is usually recommended —-.

They did not know that they had been successful —–.

37. – 42. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi, Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz.

The game of golf, which is thought to have originated in the 15th century, has today become popular all over the world mostly as a means of socializing and prestige.

In poor and middle-income countries, the four million HIV-infected people who are now on drugs that are intended to keep the virus under control account for only 42% of those who need the drugs.

Today’s scientists are able to generate genetically modified animals with new traits, such as the ability to resist disease, and they use cloning techniques to reproduce these genetically modified animals.

1700’lerde küçük bir kasaba olarak kurulmuş olan Sao Paulo, yüksek rakım ve verimli topraklar sayesinde gelişen kahve üretimi nedeniyle, hızla büyümüştür.

Nanoteknoloji alanında çalışan bilim insanlarını bekleyen en büyük güçlüklerden biri, arzu edilen bir nano yapı inşa edebilmek ve bu yapıyı, çıplak gözle görülebilen işlevsel bir sistemle bütünleştirebilmektir.

Kozmik ışınlar, aslında, atmosferin tepesine hemen hemen ışık hızına yakın bir hızda çarpan ve çoğunlukla güneş sisteminin ötesinden gelen iyonlardır.

43. – 46. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.

Several EU member states enjoy long-standing political and economic links with Latin America. In fact, it was in the 1960s and 1970s that the EU first began expanding its ties to the region through a series of diplomatic initiatives and agreements aimed at promoting democracy, addressing development issues, and boosting trade and investment. Moreover, the EU actively worked for peace in the troubled Central American region in the 1980s. In the meantime, the accession in 1986 of Spain and Portugal to the EU further strengthened region-to-region ties. EU engagement in Latin America increased during the 1990s as a formal political dialogue was put in place to advance issues of common interest, including how the EU and Latin America together can act in concert with other nations and international organizations to address global issues and challenges.

According to the passage, the EU’s relations with Latin America —-.

Several EU member states enjoy long-standing political and economic links with Latin America. In fact, it was in the 1960s and 1970s that the EU first began expanding its ties to the region through a series of diplomatic initiatives and agreements aimed at promoting democracy, addressing development issues, and boosting trade and investment. Moreover, the EU actively worked for peace in the troubled Central American region in the 1980s. In the meantime, the accession in 1986 of Spain and Portugal to the EU further strengthened region-to-region ties. EU engagement in Latin America increased during the 1990s as a formal political dialogue was put in place to advance issues of common interest, including how the EU and Latin America together can act in concert with other nations and international organizations to address global issues and challenges.

It is clearly emphasized in the passage that one of the EU’s primary aims in establishing ties with Latin America was to —-.

Several EU member states enjoy long-standing political and economic links with Latin America. In fact, it was in the 1960s and 1970s that the EU first began expanding its ties to the region through a series of diplomatic initiatives and agreements aimed at promoting democracy, addressing development issues, and boosting trade and investment. Moreover, the EU actively worked for peace in the troubled Central American region in the 1980s. In the meantime, the accession in 1986 of Spain and Portugal to the EU further strengthened region-to-region ties. EU engagement in Latin America increased during the 1990s as a formal political dialogue was put in place to advance issues of common interest, including how the EU and Latin America together can act in concert with other nations and international organizations to address global issues and challenges.

In the passage, attention is drawn to the fact that —-.

Several EU member states enjoy long-standing political and economic links with Latin America. In fact, it was in the 1960s and 1970s that the EU first began expanding its ties to the region through a series of diplomatic initiatives and agreements aimed at promoting democracy, addressing development issues, and boosting trade and investment. Moreover, the EU actively worked for peace in the troubled Central American region in the 1980s. In the meantime, the accession in 1986 of Spain and Portugal to the EU further strengthened region-to-region ties. EU engagement in Latin America increased during the 1990s as a formal political dialogue was put in place to advance issues of common interest, including how the EU and Latin America together can act in concert with other nations and international organizations to address global issues and challenges.

In the passage, the author describes —-.

47. – 50. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.

Satellite images of the upper Amazon Basin in Brazil taken since 1999 have revealed hundreds of circles, squares, and other geometric shapes once hidden by the Amazon rain forests. They hint at a previously unknown ancient society that flourished in the Amazon. Now researchers estimate that nearly ten times as many such structures, of unknown purpose, may exist undetected under the Amazon forest cover. The discovery adds to evidence that the hinterlands of the Amazon once teemed with complex societies, which were largely wiped out by diseases brought to South America by European colonists in the 15th and 16th centuries. Since these vanished societies had gone unrecorded, earlier research had suggested that soils in the upper Amazon were too poor to support the extensive agriculture needed for such large, permanent settlements. The researchers say, “We found that this view is wrong, and there is a lot more to discover in these places.”

According to the passage, the new discovery —-.

Satellite images of the upper Amazon Basin in Brazil taken since 1999 have revealed hundreds of circles, squares, and other geometric shapes once hidden by the Amazon rain forests. They hint at a previously unknown ancient society that flourished in the Amazon. Now researchers estimate that nearly ten times as many such structures, of unknown purpose, may exist undetected under the Amazon forest cover. The discovery adds to evidence that the hinterlands of the Amazon once teemed with complex societies, which were largely wiped out by diseases brought to South America by European colonists in the 15th and 16th centuries. Since these vanished societies had gone unrecorded, earlier research had suggested that soils in the upper Amazon were too poor to support the extensive agriculture needed for such large, permanent settlements. The researchers say, “We found that this view is wrong, and there is a lot more to discover in these places.”

From the passage, we can infer that —-.

Satellite images of the upper Amazon Basin in Brazil taken since 1999 have revealed hundreds of circles, squares, and other geometric shapes once hidden by the Amazon rain forests. They hint at a previously unknown ancient society that flourished in the Amazon. Now researchers estimate that nearly ten times as many such structures, of unknown purpose, may exist undetected under the Amazon forest cover. The discovery adds to evidence that the hinterlands of the Amazon once teemed with complex societies, which were largely wiped out by diseases brought to South America by European colonists in the 15th and 16th centuries. Since these vanished societies had gone unrecorded, earlier research had suggested that soils in the upper Amazon were too poor to support the extensive agriculture needed for such large, permanent settlements. The researchers say, “We found that this view is wrong, and there is a lot more to discover in these places.”

It is clearly understood from the passage that the ancient Amazon people —-.

Satellite images of the upper Amazon Basin in Brazil taken since 1999 have revealed hundreds of circles, squares, and other geometric shapes once hidden by the Amazon rain forests. They hint at a previously unknown ancient society that flourished in the Amazon. Now researchers estimate that nearly ten times as many such structures, of unknown purpose, may exist undetected under the Amazon forest cover. The discovery adds to evidence that the hinterlands of the Amazon once teemed with complex societies, which were largely wiped out by diseases brought to South America by European colonists in the 15th and 16th centuries. Since these vanished societies had gone unrecorded, earlier research had suggested that soils in the upper Amazon were too poor to support the extensive agriculture needed for such large, permanent settlements. The researchers say, “We found that this view is wrong, and there is a lot more to discover in these places.”

As it can be understood from the passage, the researchers now tend to think that —-.

51. – 54. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder that can develop after exposure to a terrifying event or ordeal. While many scientific studies focus on the molecular mechanisms for learning and memorization, scientists need to address the unlearning process to tackle PTSD. Researchers have discovered that a receptor for glutamate, the most prominent neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, plays a key role in the unlearning process. They made this discovery in experiments where they trained mice to fear a sound by coupling it with an electric shock to the foot. They found that if, following this fear conditioning, the mice are repeatedly exposed to the sound without the electric shock, their fear eventually subsides. However, mutant mice lacking the gene-coding for metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) are unable to shake off their fear of the now harmless sound. The researchers believe that a similar mechanism might be perturbed in PTSD sufferers and that metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) may provide a potential target for new therapeutic treatments.

It can be understood from the passage that mGluR5 —-.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder that can develop after exposure to a terrifying event or ordeal. While many scientific studies focus on the molecular mechanisms for learning and memorization, scientists need to address the unlearning process to tackle PTSD. Researchers have discovered that a receptor for glutamate, the most prominent neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, plays a key role in the unlearning process. They made this discovery in experiments where they trained mice to fear a sound by coupling it with an electric shock to the foot. They found that if, following this fear conditioning, the mice are repeatedly exposed to the sound without the electric shock, their fear eventually subsides. However, mutant mice lacking the gene-coding for metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) are unable to shake off their fear of the now harmless sound. The researchers believe that a similar mechanism might be perturbed in PTSD sufferers and that metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) may provide a potential target for new therapeutic treatments.

It is clear from the passage that PTSD —-.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder that can develop after exposure to a terrifying event or ordeal. While many scientific studies focus on the molecular mechanisms for learning and memorization, scientists need to address the unlearning process to tackle PTSD. Researchers have discovered that a receptor for glutamate, the most prominent neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, plays a key role in the unlearning process. They made this discovery in experiments where they trained mice to fear a sound by coupling it with an electric shock to the foot. They found that if, following this fear conditioning, the mice are repeatedly exposed to the sound without the electric shock, their fear eventually subsides. However, mutant mice lacking the gene-coding for metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) are unable to shake off their fear of the now harmless sound. The researchers believe that a similar mechanism might be perturbed in PTSD sufferers and that metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) may provide a potential target for new therapeutic treatments.

According to the passage, scientists can deal with PTSD —-.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder that can develop after exposure to a terrifying event or ordeal. While many scientific studies focus on the molecular mechanisms for learning and memorization, scientists need to address the unlearning process to tackle PTSD. Researchers have discovered that a receptor for glutamate, the most prominent neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, plays a key role in the unlearning process. They made this discovery in experiments where they trained mice to fear a sound by coupling it with an electric shock to the foot. They found that if, following this fear conditioning, the mice are repeatedly exposed to the sound without the electric shock, their fear eventually subsides. However, mutant mice lacking the gene-coding for metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) are unable to shake off their fear of the now harmless sound. The researchers believe that a similar mechanism might be perturbed in PTSD sufferers and that metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) may provide a potential target for new therapeutic treatments.

According to the passage, the mice used in the experiments —-.

55. – 58. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.

Solar panels turn the sunlight into energy when the sun shines directly on them, but as soon as the sunlight decreases, so does efficiency. A new antireflective film coating could help panels collect sunshine at 96 per cent efficiency from nearly any angle. The newly-developed film consists of seven layers of nanoscopic silicon and titanium-oxide rods arranged in increasing densities, with the topmost nearly as porous as air. This funnel-like structure captures light from almost every direction and focuses it onto the photovoltaic panel while also inhibiting reflection. The film, which is about one hundredth as thick as a human hair, could easily be applied to any solar panel and would help collect 20 per cent more light while eliminating the need for the expensive hardware usually used to rotate solar panels as the sun moves. Before the new film can be marketed, the nanoscientists who developed the film must find a way to protect the outermost layers from wind and heat, a process that might take another year.

It can be inferred from the passage that —-.

Solar panels turn the sunlight into energy when the sun shines directly on them, but as soon as the sunlight decreases, so does efficiency. A new antireflective film coating could help panels collect sunshine at 96 per cent efficiency from nearly any angle. The newly-developed film consists of seven layers of nanoscopic silicon and titanium-oxide rods arranged in increasing densities, with the topmost nearly as porous as air. This funnel-like structure captures light from almost every direction and focuses it onto the photovoltaic panel while also inhibiting reflection. The film, which is about one hundredth as thick as a human hair, could easily be applied to any solar panel and would help collect 20 per cent more light while eliminating the need for the expensive hardware usually used to rotate solar panels as the sun moves. Before the new film can be marketed, the nanoscientists who developed the film must find a way to protect the outermost layers from wind and heat, a process that might take another year.

It is clear from the passage that —-.

Solar panels turn the sunlight into energy when the sun shines directly on them, but as soon as the sunlight decreases, so does efficiency. A new antireflective film coating could help panels collect sunshine at 96 per cent efficiency from nearly any angle. The newly-developed film consists of seven layers of nanoscopic silicon and titanium-oxide rods arranged in increasing densities, with the topmost nearly as porous as air. This funnel-like structure captures light from almost every direction and focuses it onto the photovoltaic panel while also inhibiting reflection. The film, which is about one hundredth as thick as a human hair, could easily be applied to any solar panel and would help collect 20 per cent more light while eliminating the need for the expensive hardware usually used to rotate solar panels as the sun moves. Before the new film can be marketed, the nanoscientists who developed the film must find a way to protect the outermost layers from wind and heat, a process that might take another year.

One can understand from the passage that the newly-developed film —-.

Solar panels turn the sunlight into energy when the sun shines directly on them, but as soon as the sunlight decreases, so does efficiency. A new antireflective film coating could help panels collect sunshine at 96 per cent efficiency from nearly any angle. The newly-developed film consists of seven layers of nanoscopic silicon and titanium-oxide rods arranged in increasing densities, with the topmost nearly as porous as air. This funnel-like structure captures light from almost every direction and focuses it onto the photovoltaic panel while also inhibiting reflection. The film, which is about one hundredth as thick as a human hair, could easily be applied to any solar panel and would help collect 20 per cent more light while eliminating the need for the expensive hardware usually used to rotate solar panels as the sun moves. Before the new film can be marketed, the nanoscientists who developed the film must find a way to protect the outermost layers from wind and heat, a process that might take another year.

According to the passage, the panels currently in use —-.

59. – 62. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.

So far, only two types of mental exertion have been shown to improve or preserve overall cognitive ability. One is musical training. Experts state that listening to and making music is not only an auditory experience; it is a multisensory and motor experience. Playing an instrument changes how the brain interprets and integrates a wide range of sensory information, and making music over a long period of time can change brain function and brain structure. The other is to learn a new language. As for the role of language-learning in brain power, a study carried out among students revealed that attention gets better when a new language is studied intensively even if it is for a short time and it gets even better when more practice is done for longer. The results of the study confirm the cognitive benefits of language-learning and give important and warming messages: firstly, even a short, intensive course can show beneficial effects on some cognitive functions. Secondly, this effect can be maintained through practice. So, we can say that it is never too late to start a mental activity such as learning a new language.

One can understand from the passage that playing a musical instrument —-.

So far, only two types of mental exertion have been shown to improve or preserve overall cognitive ability. One is musical training. Experts state that listening to and making music is not only an auditory experience; it is a multisensory and motor experience. Playing an instrument changes how the brain interprets and integrates a wide range of sensory information, and making music over a long period of time can change brain function and brain structure. The other is to learn a new language. As for the role of language-learning in brain power, a study carried out among students revealed that attention gets better when a new language is studied intensively even if it is for a short time and it gets even better when more practice is done for longer. The results of the study confirm the cognitive benefits of language-learning and give important and warming messages: firstly, even a short, intensive course can show beneficial effects on some cognitive functions. Secondly, this effect can be maintained through practice. So, we can say that it is never too late to start a mental activity such as learning a new language.

It is pointed out in the passage that learning a new language —-.

So far, only two types of mental exertion have been shown to improve or preserve overall cognitive ability. One is musical training. Experts state that listening to and making music is not only an auditory experience; it is a multisensory and motor experience. Playing an instrument changes how the brain interprets and integrates a wide range of sensory information, and making music over a long period of time can change brain function and brain structure. The other is to learn a new language. As for the role of language-learning in brain power, a study carried out among students revealed that attention gets better when a new language is studied intensively even if it is for a short time and it gets even better when more practice is done for longer. The results of the study confirm the cognitive benefits of language-learning and give important and warming messages: firstly, even a short, intensive course can show beneficial effects on some cognitive functions. Secondly, this effect can be maintained through practice. So, we can say that it is never too late to start a mental activity such as learning a new language.

According to the passage, the study done on students shows that —-.

So far, only two types of mental exertion have been shown to improve or preserve overall cognitive ability. One is musical training. Experts state that listening to and making music is not only an auditory experience; it is a multisensory and motor experience. Playing an instrument changes how the brain interprets and integrates a wide range of sensory information, and making music over a long period of time can change brain function and brain structure. The other is to learn a new language. As for the role of language-learning in brain power, a study carried out among students revealed that attention gets better when a new language is studied intensively even if it is for a short time and it gets even better when more practice is done for longer. The results of the study confirm the cognitive benefits of language-learning and give important and warming messages: firstly, even a short, intensive course can show beneficial effects on some cognitive functions. Secondly, this effect can be maintained through practice. So, we can say that it is never too late to start a mental activity such as learning a new language.

Which of the following best describes the author’s attitude towards learning a new language?

63. – 67. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş bırakılan kısmını tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi bulunuz.

Lisa:
– Maria is back from Austria, and she says she’s been overcome by the glitter of the famous Austrian crystals.
Sally:
– They are specially designed in order to maximize refraction, that is, the bending of light.
Lisa:
– How is this done?
Sally:
– —- It constitutes 32% of the product.

Manager:
– Bill, are you having a problem getting here? I noticed that you signed in quite late three times last week.
Bill:
– I’m so sorry, but I now live far from here, and the buses do not run frequently.
Manager:
– —-
Bill:
– I didn’t know I set a bad example. I’ll try to be in office in time.

Robert:
– Are you going to include the pygmy marmoset monkeys in your Amazonian fauna assignment?
Karen:
– I may do so. If I remember rightly, they are only about 2 cm in height.
Robert:
– —-
Karen:
– Can they really? That is remarkable.

Eleanor:
– I wonder what might happen if human beings disappeared.
Chidi:
– Well, I was reading an article about it and it said plant and animal species that have formed close bonds with humanity are the most likely to suffer.
Eleanor:
– How is that?
Chidi:
– —-
Eleanor:
– I see. So, this probably means they will be outcompeted by other plants and the animals that feed on them will probably vanish too.

Ken :
– Do you know? I’m really getting very interested in the movement of glaciers.
Sherrie :
– What have you learned now?
Ken :
– —-
Sherrie :
– That’s right; the ice moves out to the sides because of the greater weight and pressure at the centre.

68. – 71. sorularda, verilen cümleye anlamca en yakın cümleyi bulunuz.

The Ministry may have taken certain measures against espionage within the main building.

One way of encouraging recycling is to charge consumers for garbage collection.

Having grown up in the United States, I was willing to praise the democratic character of the United States.

A small seaside town such as this cannot be expected to accommodate so many foreign tourists.

72. – 75. sorularda, boş bırakılan yere, parçada anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz.

Intercultural communication in its most basic form refers to an academic field of study and research. It seeks to understand how people from different countries and cultures behave, communicate, and perceive the world around them. The theories developed by the researchers and academics can be and have been applied to many fields. —- Many multinational companies need to know how best to structure themselves, manage staff and communicate with customers. Intercultural communication gives them an insight into the areas they need to address or understand.

A Belgian doctor, who gave a man a new life after he was wrongly believed to be in a coma for 23 years, has begun to re-examine dozens of other cases. He reports that he has discovered some degree of consciousness in other patients but will not say how many. —- “It is unbelievably difficult to tell the difference,” he says.

—- There are those that affect the body surfaces they contact, and those that damage the general nervous system. Surface agents include phosgene gas, chlorine gas, hydrogen cyanide, and mustard gas. While the principal action of the first three occurs through inhalation, mustard is a blistering agent that damages any surface it contacts, including the skin. Nerve agents, on the other hand, which include the chemicals sarin, soman, and tabun, act by blocking the transmission of nerve messages throughout the body. A single drop of nerve agent can shut down the body’s nervous system.

Toxic behaviour is common in the workplace. In part, it grows from selfishness and callousness that can manifest in extreme form from certain character disorders that do not recede after work hours and are particularly destructive to interpersonal relationships. —- The spirit of the times plays a role as well. Periods of cultural turbulence, instability and uncertainty tend to stimulate and release hostile behaviours that play on the fears of others. Whether it turns up in the conference room or the home, toxic behaviour has a negative emotional impact beyond its immediate cause.

76. – 80. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz.

(I) According to the Chinese tradition, time has a cyclical movement that is divided over twelve periods, and each of these is represented by a zodiacal animal. (II) The belief in the zodiac sign means that you accept the fact that an individual born in the year of a particular animal has its traits. (III) Officially, however, China has adopted the Gregorian calendar, which is in use throughout the country. (IV) The ancient philosophers observed each of the zodiac animals in its natural environment and drew the characteristics displayed by animals. (V) Then they drew a similitude between human nature and those characteristics that were found in the zodiac animals.

(I) Just one of the problems facing government policymakers and health-care professionals is widespread ignorance about responsiveness to and tolerance for drug treatments in a population of over-65s. (II) Clinical trials for new drugs rarely address populations of old people as a sizable component. (III) More importantly, there has been little attempt to encourage post-market studies of existing drugs in elderly populations. (IV) But even in the medical community, there is a lack of awareness about the high suicide rate among the elderly. (V) However, as they become the biggest demographic segment in society, new opportunities will emerge for pharmaceutical and related companies.

(I) While it lights our day and provides energy for life, sunlight can also be harmful to humans. (II) Particles flowing from the Sun can disrupt our planet’s magnetic field, and these disruptions can interfere with electronic communications. (III) Human skin is sensitive to ultraviolet light emitted from the Sun. (IV) Earth’s atmosphere blocks much of the harmful light, but sunlight is still strong enough to burn skin under some conditions, a major risk factor in the development of skin cancers. (V) Sunlight is also very harmful to our eyes, which can be damaged through a direct gaze at the Sun.

(I) Since the terrorist attacks on 11 September 2001, anti-aircraft missile batteries have been installed to protect buildings in US cities. (II) However, less drastic solutions have also been suggested. (III) No software simulation is going to be sufficient to convince any pilot about the new avionics systems. (IV) An aerospace company, for instance, has proposed installing the electronics from its pilotless plane in passenger aircraft to allow ground control to take over a hijacked plane and land it remotely. (V) Others say automatic landing systems could steer planes to safety without human intervention.

(I) An engineer may choose either to work or not to work in defense-related industries and be ethically justified in either position. (II) Many reasonable engineering professionals feel that, ethically, they cannot work on designs that will ultimately be used to kill other humans. (III) Their remoteness from the actual killing doesn’t change this feeling. (IV) Everyone in his working life is likely to face problems that cannot be solved easily. (V) Even though they won’t push the button or may never actually see the victims of the weapon, they still find it morally unacceptable to work on such systems.