1. – 6. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük veya ifadeyi bulunuz.

—- any organ, including the kidneys, lungs, heart and brain, can be attacked by the immune system.

A lack of skills or of higher education are issues that —- many South Africans from making a decent living.

Organized youth camps provide young people with not only different forms of outdoor —- but also training in co-operation, initiative, and resourcefulness.

When a tissue is injured, a rapid chain of events —- the production of fibrin, a stringy, insoluble mass of protein fibers that forms a clot from liquid blood.

Solar heating never —- in the US because of the cost and limited winter sunlight in most areas.

By the 14th century, the Holy Roman Empire was little more than a —- federation of the German princes who elected the Holy Roman emperor.

7. – 16. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük veya ifadeyi bulunuz.

Enormous underground beds of sodium and potassium compounds formed —- lakes and seas became isolated by geological events.

—- being a personal relationship between two people, marriage is one of society’s most important and basic institutions.

Every year, more than 15,000 scuba dives are performed off the coral reefs of Cayman Islands, —- these sites can actually support only 5,000 dives per year without any damage to the reefs.

Because of the wide variety of ethnicity in the United States, people speak English as —- their native —- their adopted tongue.

Countries are interested —- in their absolute economic welfare, —- in how well they are performing compared to other countries.

It is becoming increasingly evident that the disposition and the behaviour of the individual are shaped by the cultural groups —- he belongs.

A Marine Protected Area is an area of the ocean that is protected —- law in order to preserve areas —- high biological importance.

The changes of energy in nuclear reactions are enormous —- comparison —- those in chemical reactions.

The Pyramid of the Sun —- in stages in the second and third centuries A.D. and —- about 200 feet high and 700 feet in length.

For a long time, scientists believed that functional deficits in certain brain regions —- autism – the result of complications in brain structure that no change in wiring among neural networks —-.

17. – 21. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük veya ifadeyi bulunuz.

It might be argued that the internal problems of some nations are so great that they can (17) —- exercise any influence on the wider world. With all their internal troubles and failures, what part can they (18) —- in international endeavours for the (19) —- of peace? The dangers now are greater than ever. A racist war in southern Africa; another far more devastating conflict in the Middle East; continued unrest in the Far East. (20) —-, which is even worse, there is growing tension (21) —- the world between the rich and the poor; and this could give rise to fresh conflicts.

It might be argued that the internal problems of some nations are so great that they can (17) —- exercise any influence on the wider world. With all their internal troubles and failures, what part can they (18) —- in international endeavours for the (19) —- of peace? The dangers now are greater than ever. A racist war in southern Africa; another far more devastating conflict in the Middle East; continued unrest in the Far East. (20) —-, which is even worse, there is growing tension (21) —- the world between the rich and the poor; and this could give rise to fresh conflicts.

It might be argued that the internal problems of some nations are so great that they can (17) —- exercise any influence on the wider world. With all their internal troubles and failures, what part can they (18) —- in international endeavours for the (19) —- of peace? The dangers now are greater than ever. A racist war in southern Africa; another far more devastating conflict in the Middle East; continued unrest in the Far East. (20) —-, which is even worse, there is growing tension (21) —- the world between the rich and the poor; and this could give rise to fresh conflicts.

It might be argued that the internal problems of some nations are so great that they can (17) —- exercise any influence on the wider world. With all their internal troubles and failures, what part can they (18) —- in international endeavours for the (19) —- of peace? The dangers now are greater than ever. A racist war in southern Africa; another far more devastating conflict in the Middle East; continued unrest in the Far East. (20) —-, which is even worse, there is growing tension (21) —- the world between the rich and the poor; and this could give rise to fresh conflicts.

It might be argued that the internal problems of some nations are so great that they can (17) —- exercise any influence on the wider world. With all their internal troubles and failures, what part can they (18) —- in international endeavours for the (19) —- of peace? The dangers now are greater than ever. A racist war in southern Africa; another far more devastating conflict in the Middle East; continued unrest in the Far East. (20) —-, which is even worse, there is growing tension (21) —- the world between the rich and the poor; and this could give rise to fresh conflicts.

22. – 26. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük veya ifadeyi bulunuz.

Ultraviolet (UV) light from the sun is classified into three types: ultraviolet A (UVA), ultraviolet B (UVB), and ultraviolet C (UVC), depending on its wavelength. UV light in small amounts is (22) —-, as it helps the body produce Vitamin D. (23) —-, larger amounts of UV light damage DNA (the body’s genetic material) and alter the amounts and kinds of chemicals (24) —- the skin cells make. UV light also (25) —- folic acid, sometimes resulting in deficiency of that essential vitamin in fair-skinned individuals. Although UVA penetrates deeper (26) —- the skin, UVB is responsible for at least three quarters of the damaging effects of UV light, including tanning, burning, premature skin aging, wrinkling, and skin cancer.

Ultraviolet (UV) light from the sun is classified into three types: ultraviolet A (UVA), ultraviolet B (UVB), and ultraviolet C (UVC), depending on its wavelength. UV light in small amounts is (22) —-, as it helps the body produce Vitamin D. (23) —-, larger amounts of UV light damage DNA (the body’s genetic material) and alter the amounts and kinds of chemicals (24) —- the skin cells make. UV light also (25) —- folic acid, sometimes resulting in deficiency of that essential vitamin in fair-skinned individuals. Although UVA penetrates deeper (26) —- the skin, UVB is responsible for at least three quarters of the damaging effects of UV light, including tanning, burning, premature skin aging, wrinkling, and skin cancer.

Ultraviolet (UV) light from the sun is classified into three types: ultraviolet A (UVA), ultraviolet B (UVB), and ultraviolet C (UVC), depending on its wavelength. UV light in small amounts is (22) —-, as it helps the body produce Vitamin D. (23) —-, larger amounts of UV light damage DNA (the body’s genetic material) and alter the amounts and kinds of chemicals (24) —- the skin cells make. UV light also (25) —- folic acid, sometimes resulting in deficiency of that essential vitamin in fair-skinned individuals. Although UVA penetrates deeper (26) —- the skin, UVB is responsible for at least three quarters of the damaging effects of UV light, including tanning, burning, premature skin aging, wrinkling, and skin cancer.

Ultraviolet (UV) light from the sun is classified into three types: ultraviolet A (UVA), ultraviolet B (UVB), and ultraviolet C (UVC), depending on its wavelength. UV light in small amounts is (22) —-, as it helps the body produce Vitamin D. (23) —-, larger amounts of UV light damage DNA (the body’s genetic material) and alter the amounts and kinds of chemicals (24) —- the skin cells make. UV light also (25) —- folic acid, sometimes resulting in deficiency of that essential vitamin in fair-skinned individuals. Although UVA penetrates deeper (26) —- the skin, UVB is responsible for at least three quarters of the damaging effects of UV light, including tanning, burning, premature skin aging, wrinkling, and skin cancer.

Ultraviolet (UV) light from the sun is classified into three types: ultraviolet A (UVA), ultraviolet B (UVB), and ultraviolet C (UVC), depending on its wavelength. UV light in small amounts is (22) —-, as it helps the body produce Vitamin D. (23) —-, larger amounts of UV light damage DNA (the body’s genetic material) and alter the amounts and kinds of chemicals (24) —- the skin cells make. UV light also (25) —- folic acid, sometimes resulting in deficiency of that essential vitamin in fair-skinned individuals. Although UVA penetrates deeper (26) —- the skin, UVB is responsible for at least three quarters of the damaging effects of UV light, including tanning, burning, premature skin aging, wrinkling, and skin cancer.

27. – 36. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.

Whereas many nations take pains to exclude foreign words from their lexicons, —-.

If it is proven to be successful in clinical studies, —-.

Unless all countries in the developed world reduce their fossil fuel consumption drastically, —-.

—-, but such tests are rarely needed to make the diagnosis.

Japan’s efforts to reduce piracy incidents in the area were highly successful —-.

Physicists have established that, before the universe existed in its present form, —-.

—- since it has been described as among the most terrifying works of history ever penned.

There is a general agreement among car manufacturing companies that, —-, hydrogen is likely to be the fuel of choice.

Traditionally, textbooks on British government and politics have focused on institutions and behaviour —-.

—-, just as his sister represented female excellence.

37. – 42. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi, Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz.

Without treatment, postpartum depression can weaken critically important bonds between a mother and her child.

A significant outcome of air pollution is the high cost of pollution cleanup and prevention, an example of which is the global effort to control emissions of CO2, a gas produced from the combustion of fossil fuels such as coal or oil, or of other organic materials like wood.

With an estimated 200,000 species of plants and animals, Madagascar is among the top five most biologically diverse countries in the world.

Ateşin keşfinden sonra, insanlar, yüksek sıcaklıklara maruz kalan belirli kayalar ve minerallerde değişiklikler fark etmeye başladılar.

Aşağı yukarı 200 yıl öncesine kadar, bilimsel araştırmalarda ölçüm birimleri standart değildi ve bu standart eksikliği, bilimsel iletişimi zorlaştırıyordu.

Olağanüstü bir yaratıcılığa sahip olan Paul Cézanne, çağının en yenilikçi ressamıydı.

43. – 46. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.

Anyone who has spent even a little time with an autistic boy or girl soon becomes familiar with the behaviours that set these children apart. But how do parents and doctors know if a baby has autism? Early diagnosis has proved difficult, but if it were possible, it would lead to much more effective treatment for the younger a child is the more malleable is the brain. So, the inability to detect autism until a child is two or three years old is a terrific disadvantage, as it eliminates a valuable window of treatment opportunity, when the brain is undergoing tremendous development. Researchers, however, are closing in on techniques that could detect autism in babies as young as six months and perhaps even at birth. The results of these new tests are expanding the understanding of autism and raising hopes for much earlier, specialized care that could improve a toddler’s chances for a more normal life as a child, teenager and adult.

We can infer from the passage that an autistic child —-.

Anyone who has spent even a little time with an autistic boy or girl soon becomes familiar with the behaviours that set these children apart. But how do parents and doctors know if a baby has autism? Early diagnosis has proved difficult, but if it were possible, it would lead to much more effective treatment for the younger a child is the more malleable is the brain. So, the inability to detect autism until a child is two or three years old is a terrific disadvantage, as it eliminates a valuable window of treatment opportunity, when the brain is undergoing tremendous development. Researchers, however, are closing in on techniques that could detect autism in babies as young as six months and perhaps even at birth. The results of these new tests are expanding the understanding of autism and raising hopes for much earlier, specialized care that could improve a toddler’s chances for a more normal life as a child, teenager and adult.

We can understand from the passage that the treatment of autism —-.

Anyone who has spent even a little time with an autistic boy or girl soon becomes familiar with the behaviours that set these children apart. But how do parents and doctors know if a baby has autism? Early diagnosis has proved difficult, but if it were possible, it would lead to much more effective treatment for the younger a child is the more malleable is the brain. So, the inability to detect autism until a child is two or three years old is a terrific disadvantage, as it eliminates a valuable window of treatment opportunity, when the brain is undergoing tremendous development. Researchers, however, are closing in on techniques that could detect autism in babies as young as six months and perhaps even at birth. The results of these new tests are expanding the understanding of autism and raising hopes for much earlier, specialized care that could improve a toddler’s chances for a more normal life as a child, teenager and adult.

According to the passage, research is currently being carried out to —-.

Anyone who has spent even a little time with an autistic boy or girl soon becomes familiar with the behaviours that set these children apart. But how do parents and doctors know if a baby has autism? Early diagnosis has proved difficult, but if it were possible, it would lead to much more effective treatment for the younger a child is the more malleable is the brain. So, the inability to detect autism until a child is two or three years old is a terrific disadvantage, as it eliminates a valuable window of treatment opportunity, when the brain is undergoing tremendous development. Researchers, however, are closing in on techniques that could detect autism in babies as young as six months and perhaps even at birth. The results of these new tests are expanding the understanding of autism and raising hopes for much earlier, specialized care that life as a child could improve a toddler’s chances for a more normal, teenager and adult.

It is clear from the passage that those born with autism —-.

47. – 50. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.

In the early part of the twentieth century, the experiments carried out by Ernest Rutherford and his colleagues led to the idea that at the centre of an atom there is a tiny but massive nucleus. At the same time that the quantum theory was being developed and that scientists were attempting to understand the structure of the atom and its electrons, investigations into the nucleus itself had also begun. An important question to physicists was whether the nucleus had a structure, and what that structure might be. In fact, it has so far turned out that the nucleus is a complicated entity, and even today, it is not fully understood. However, by the early 1930s, a model of the nucleus had been developed that is still useful. According to this model, a nucleus is considered as an aggregate of two types of particles: protons and neutrons. A proton is the nucleus of the simplest atom, which is hydrogen. The neutron, whose existence was ascertained only in 1932 by the English physicist James Chadwick, is electrically neutral as its name implies. These two constituents of a nucleus, neutrons and protons, are referred to collectively as ‘nucleons.’

One understands from the passage that one of the serious questions with which physicists in the early twentieth century was concerned was —-.

In the early part of the twentieth century, the experiments carried out by Ernest Rutherford and his colleagues led to the idea that at the centre of an atom there is a tiny but massive nucleus. At the same time that the quantum theory was being developed and that scientists were attempting to understand the structure of the atom and its electrons, investigations into the nucleus itself had also begun. An important question to physicists was whether the nucleus had a structure, and what that structure might be. In fact, it has so far turned out that the nucleus is a complicated entity, and even today, it is not fully understood. However, by the early 1930s, a model of the nucleus had been developed that is still useful. According to this model, a nucleus is considered as an aggregate of two types of particles: protons and neutrons. A proton is the nucleus of the simplest atom, which is hydrogen. The neutron, whose existence was ascertained only in 1932 by the English physicist James Chadwick, is electrically neutral as its name implies. These two constituents of a nucleus, neutrons and protons, are referred to collectively as ‘nucleons.’

It is clear from the passage that the presence of a nucleus in an atom —-.

In the early part of the twentieth century, the experiments carried out by Ernest Rutherford and his colleagues led to the idea that at the centre of an atom there is a tiny but massive nucleus. At the same time that the quantum theory was being developed and that scientists were attempting to understand the structure of the atom and its electrons, investigations into the nucleus itself had also begun. An important question to physicists was whether the nucleus had a structure, and what that structure might be. In fact, it has so far turned out that the nucleus is a complicated entity, and even today, it is not fully understood. However, by the early 1930s, a model of the nucleus had been developed that is still useful. According to this model, a nucleus is considered as an aggregate of two types of particles: protons and neutrons. A proton is the nucleus of the simplest atom, which is hydrogen. The neutron, whose existence was ascertained only in 1932 by the English physicist James Chadwick, is electrically neutral as its name implies. These two constituents of a nucleus, neutrons and protons, are referred to collectively as ‘nucleons.’

According to the passage, in the early twentieth century, physicists —-.

In the early part of the twentieth century, the experiments carried out by Ernest Rutherford and his colleagues led to the idea that at the centre of an atom there is a tiny but massive nucleus. At the same time that the quantum theory was being developed and that scientists were attempting to understand the structure of the atom and its electrons, investigations into the nucleus itself had also begun. An important question to physicists was whether the nucleus had a structure, and what that structure might be. In fact, it has so far turned out that the nucleus is a complicated entity, and even today, it is not fully understood. However, by the early 1930s, a model of the nucleus had been developed that is still useful. According to this model, a nucleus is considered as an aggregate of two types of particles: protons and neutrons. A proton is the nucleus of the simplest atom, which is hydrogen. The neutron, whose existence was ascertained only in 1932 by the English physicist James Chadwick, is electrically neutral as its name implies. These two constituents of a nucleus, neutrons and protons, are referred to collectively as ‘nucleons.’

It is clear from the passage that Chadwick’s work as regards the neutron —-.

51. – 54. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.

A low calcium intake during the growing years limits the bones’ ability to achieve an optimal mass and density. Most people achieve a peak bone mass by about age 30, and dense bones protect against age-related bone loss and fracture. Starting before the age of 40, all adults lose bone as they grow older. When bone loss reaches the point at which bones fracture under common, everyday stresses, the condition is known as osteoporosis. Today, worldwide, this is one of the most prevalent diseases of aging. For instance, in the US, it afflicts more than 25 million people, mostly older women. Unlike many diseases that make themselves known through symptoms such as pain, shortness of breath, skin lesions, tiredness, and the like, osteoporosis is silent. The body sends no signals saying bone loss is occurring. Blood samples offer no clues because blood calcium remains normal regardless of bone content, and measures of bone density are rarely taken. However, there are various strategies to protect against bone loss, and eating calcium-rich foods is only one of them.

It is pointed out in the passage that the development of osteoporosis —-.

A low calcium intake during the growing years limits the bones’ ability to achieve an optimal mass and density. Most people achieve a peak bone mass by about age 30, and dense bones protect against age-related bone loss and fracture. Starting before the age of 40, all adults lose bone as they grow older. When bone loss reaches the point at which bones fracture under common, everyday stresses, the condition is known as osteoporosis. Today, worldwide, this is one of the most prevalent diseases of aging. For instance, in the US, it afflicts more than 25 million people, mostly older women. Unlike many diseases that make themselves known through symptoms such as pain, shortness of breath, skin lesions, tiredness, and the like, osteoporosis is silent. The body sends no signals saying bone loss is occurring. Blood samples offer no clues because blood calcium remains normal regardless of bone content, and measures of bone density are rarely taken. However, there are various strategies to protect against bone loss, and eating calcium-rich foods is only one of them.

It is clear from the passage that, in order to increase the mass and density of bones, —-.

A low calcium intake during the growing years limits the bones’ ability to achieve an optimal mass and density. Most people achieve a peak bone mass by about age 30, and dense bones protect against age-related bone loss and fracture. Starting before the age of 40, all adults lose bone as they grow older. When bone loss reaches the point at which bones fracture under common, everyday stresses, the condition is known as osteoporosis. Today, worldwide, this is one of the most prevalent diseases of aging. For instance, in the US, it afflicts more than 25 million people, mostly older women. Unlike many diseases that make themselves known through symptoms such as pain, shortness of breath, skin lesions, tiredness, and the like, osteoporosis is silent. The body sends no signals saying bone loss is occurring. Blood samples offer no clues because blood calcium remains normal regardless of bone content, and measures of bone density are rarely taken. However, there are various strategies to protect against bone loss, and eating calcium-rich foods is only one of them.

In the passage, osteoporosis is —-.

A low calcium intake during the growing years limits the bones’ ability to achieve an optimal mass and density. Most people achieve a peak bone mass by about age 30, and dense bones protect against age-related bone loss and fracture. Starting before the age of 40, all adults lose bone as they grow older. When bone loss reaches the point at which bones fracture under common, everyday stresses, the condition is known as osteoporosis. Today, worldwide, this is one of the most prevalent diseases of aging. For instance, in the US, it afflicts more than 25 million people, mostly older women. Unlike many diseases that make themselves known through symptoms such as pain, shortness of breath, skin lesions, tiredness, and the like, osteoporosis is silent. The body sends no signals saying bone loss is occurring. Blood samples offer no clues because blood calcium remains normal regardless of bone content, and measures of bone density are rarely taken. However, there are various strategies to protect against bone loss, and eating calcium-rich foods is only one of them.

It is implied in the passage that bone density —-.

55. – 58. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.

BBC4, a comparatively new TV channel, has a character of its own. From the start it aimed to be ‘a place to think’, and it was always designed as something ‘that the commercial market would never do’, says Roly Keating, its controller and formerly head of arts at the BBC. Its first week’s schedule indeed verged on a parody of non-commercial TV, with township opera from South Africa and a performance by a Senegalese singer in a London church hall. A top-rated show will typically draw some 50,000 viewers – almost negligible in television terms. Yet that narrow appeal makes BBC4 a model of what a publicly financed broadcaster ought to do. It has roamed into territory where its ratings-driven sister channel, BBC1, seldom dares to tread. Despite a tiny 35m budget, it boasts an intelligent prime-time talk show and a world news programme so internationally minded that its London provenance is barely visible. BBC4 may wear its gravity a little too heavily at times, but it supplies a variety and thoughtfulness unavailable on prime time BBC1. The more the other BBC channels chase the ratings, and the more that BBC4 refuses to be dictated to by them, the more the channel looks like a model for what BBC television could look like.

It is clear from the passage that, since BBC4 is publicly financed, it —-.

BBC4, a comparatively new TV channel, has a character of its own. From the start it aimed to be ‘a place to think’, and it was always designed as something ‘that the commercial market would never do’, says Roly Keating, its controller and formerly head of arts at the BBC. Its first week’s schedule indeed verged on a parody of non-commercial TV, with township opera from South Africa and a performance by a Senegalese singer in a London church hall. A top-rated show will typically draw some 50,000 viewers – almost negligible in television terms. Yet that narrow appeal makes BBC4 a model of what a publicly financed broadcaster ought to do. It has roamed into territory where its ratings-driven sister channel, BBC1, seldom dares to tread. Despite a tiny 35m budget, it boasts an intelligent prime-time talk show and a world news programme so internationally minded that its London provenance is barely visible. BBC4 may wear its gravity a little too heavily at times, but it supplies a variety and thoughtfulness unavailable on prime time BBC1. The more the other BBC channels chase the ratings, and the more that BBC4 refuses to be dictated to by them, the more the channel looks like a model for what BBC television could look like.

In the passage, BBC1 is described as being ‘ratings-driven’; this means —-.

BBC4, a comparatively new TV channel, has a character of its own. From the start it aimed to be ‘a place to think’, and it was always designed as something ‘that the commercial market would never do’, says Roly Keating, its controller and formerly head of arts at the BBC. Its first week’s schedule indeed verged on a parody of non-commercial TV, with township opera from South Africa and a performance by a Senegalese singer in a London church hall. A top-rated show will typically draw some 50,000 viewers – almost negligible in television terms. Yet that narrow appeal makes BBC4 a model of what a publicly financed broadcaster ought to do. It has roamed into territory where its ratings-driven sister channel, BBC1, seldom dares to tread. Despite a tiny 35m budget, it boasts an intelligent prime-time talk show and a world news programme so internationally minded that its London provenance is barely visible. BBC4 may wear its gravity a little too heavily at times, but it supplies a variety and thoughtfulness unavailable on prime time BBC1. The more the other BBC channels chase the ratings, and the more that BBC4 refuses to be dictated to by them, the more the channel looks like a model for what BBC television could look like.

According to the passage, the programmes BBC4 has to offer —-.

BBC4, a comparatively new TV channel, has a character of its own. From the start it aimed to be ‘a place to think’, and it was always designed as something ‘that the commercial market would never do’, says Roly Keating, its controller and formerly head of arts at the BBC. Its first week’s schedule indeed verged on a parody of non-commercial TV, with township opera from South Africa and a performance by a Senegalese singer in a London church hall. A top-rated show will typically draw some 50,000 viewers – almost negligible in television terms. Yet that narrow appeal makes BBC4 a model of what a publicly financed broadcaster ought to do. It has roamed into territory where its ratings-driven sister channel, BBC1, seldom dares to tread. Despite a tiny 35m budget, it boasts an intelligent prime-time talk show and a world news programme so internationally minded that its London provenance is barely visible. BBC4 may wear its gravity a little too heavily at times, but it supplies a variety and thoughtfulness unavailable on prime time BBC1. The more the other BBC channels chase the ratings, and the more that BBC4 refuses to be dictated to by them, the more the channel looks like a model for what BBC television could look like.

It is clear that the writer of the passage —-.

59. – 62. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.

Narva is a quiet northeastern Estonian town bathed in sea breezes. Though small, with a population of just over 72,000, it occupies a large place in Russian history. It was here in 1700 that, by attacking the Swedes, who were then in control of much of the Baltic coast, Russia launched its final campaign in a centuries-long quest to become a European power. The battle ended in defeat for the Russians, but the war did not; by 1721 Russia had conquered the Baltic territories as far southwest as Riga, the capital of present-day Latvia, and had built a new capital, Saint Petersburg, on the Gulf of Finland. Later in that century, Russia, through a partition agreement with Austria and Prussia, gained control of the rest of the Baltics, and would retain them until the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991.

According to the passage, the Russian conquest of the Baltics —-.

Narva is a quiet northeastern Estonian town bathed in sea breezes. Though small, with a population of just over 72,000, it occupies a large place in Russian history. It was here in 1700 that, by attacking the Swedes, who were then in control of much of the Baltic coast, Russia launched its final campaign in a centuries-long quest to become a European power. The battle ended in defeat for the Russians, but the war did not; by 1721 Russia had conquered the Baltic territories as far southwest as Riga, the capital of present-day Latvia, and had built a new capital, Saint Petersburg, on the Gulf of Finland. Later in that century, Russia, through a partition agreement with Austria and Prussia, gained control of the rest of the Baltics, and would retain them until the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991.

As it can be understood from the passage, the writer —-.

Narva is a quiet northeastern Estonian town bathed in sea breezes. Though small, with a population of just over 72,000, it occupies a large place in Russian history. It was here in 1700 that, by attacking the Swedes, who were then in control of much of the Baltic coast, Russia launched its final campaign in a centuries-long quest to become a European power. The battle ended in defeat for the Russians, but the war did not; by 1721 Russia had conquered the Baltic territories as far southwest as Riga, the capital of present-day Latvia, and had built a new capital, Saint Petersburg, on the Gulf of Finland. Later in that century, Russia, through a partition agreement with Austria and Prussia, gained control of the rest of the Baltics, and would retain them until the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991.

As one learns from the passage, it was before 1721 that —-.

Narva is a quiet northeastern Estonian town bathed in sea breezes. Though small, with a population of just over 72,000, it occupies a large place in Russian history. It was here in 1700 that, by attacking the Swedes, who were then in control of much of the Baltic coast, Russia launched its final campaign in a centuries-long quest to become a European power. The battle ended in defeat for the Russians, but the war did not; by 1721 Russia had conquered the Baltic territories as far southwest as Riga, the capital of present-day Latvia, and had built a new capital, Saint Petersburg, on the Gulf of Finland. Later in that century, Russia, through a partition agreement with Austria and Prussia, gained control of the rest of the Baltics, and would retain them until the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991.

It is pointed out in the passage that —-.

63. – 67. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş bırakılan kısmını tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi bulunuz.

Mrs. Simpson:
– Researchers point out that preschool education has long-term effects over a child’s cognitive development.
Elizabeth:
– —-
Mrs. Simpson:
– That’s right. This way they can develop problem solving and comprehension skills.
Elizabeth:
– I can understand now why most primary school teachers find it easier to teach such children.

Steve:
– How are things going with you and your roommate?
Bob:
– —-
Steve:
– Then, why don’t you tell him that he should pay you for half of what you spend on food?
Bob:
– I would find that a bit hard to do, considering how he treats me to a good meal in a restaurant every weekend.

Michael:
– I have finally decided to quit smoking while I still have my health.
Dorothy:
– Good for you! It’s hard to believe that cigarette smoking, which is banned inside most places now for health reasons, used to be encouraged by the government.
Michael:
– You must be joking!
Dorothy:
– —-

Bill:
– Have you read this study linking restless leg syndrome in children to iron deficiency?
Debbie:
– —-
Bill:
– That’s right; many of the children suffering from the disease have a parent affected with it, usually the mother.

Janine:
– Mr. Jenkins, I believe that the leading private sector managers provide some much-needed leadership in the country’s development. As you are one of them, would you say that it is just about the money?
Mr. Jenkins:
– —-
Janine:
– Can you give an example?
Mr. Jenkins:
– We have already invested $1 billion to date, creating our art museum and carrying out various educational initiatives across the country.

68. – 71. sorularda, verilen cümleye anlamca en yakın cümleyi bulunuz.

The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 removed many of the legal barriers that had prevented large-scale Arab immigration to the United States.

Many people prefer to eat organic food, that is, food unpolluted by chemical fertilizers and pesticides.

Today we are more prosperous and have better relationships across the generations than ever before.

Cheetahs generally pursue their prey until they are approximately 90 m away, at which point the chase begins.

72. – 75. sorularda, boş bırakılan yere, parçada anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz.

We are terrified of sharks, largely thanks to their reputation as vicious killers. Shark attacks are rare but appear to be rising: there were 98 unprovoked attacks worldwide in 2015, six fatal. There are three particularly notorious species: tiger sharks, great whites, and oceanic whitetips. —- Recently, scientists have been shedding new light on these enigmatic creatures that are seemingly vital to the seas, and not as scary as you might think.

Astronomy is the study of the universe and the celestial bodies, gas, and dust within it. Astronomy includes observations and theories about the solar system, the stars, the galaxies, and the general structure of space. People who study astronomy are called astronomers. —-. These methods usually involve ideas related to the laws of physics, so most astronomers are, at the same time, astrophysicists.

Capturing your attention and holding it is the prime motive of most television programming, and this enhances its role as a profitable advertising vehicle. —-. So the surest way to get audiences focused on a programme is to provide them with constant stimulation through variety, novelty, action and movement.

—- Their findings raise possible health concerns for those working in the manufacture of the materials. Carbon nanotubes are rolled-up sheets of graphite thousands of times thinner than a human hair. Because they are immensely strong and are good electricity conductors, they are poised for use in a wide range of fields, from engineering to medicine. However, their similarity in shape to asbestos fibres, which are known to damage the lungs, is giving rise to fears of their adverse effects on human health.

76. – 80. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz.

(I) Today’s young people in their teens and 20s, who have been dubbed ‘digital natives’, have never known a world without computers, the internet, and smart phones. (II) Many of these rarely enter a library, but instead use Google, Yahoo, and other online search engines for information they need. (III) The neural networks in the brains of these digital natives differ dramatically from those of adults. (IV) Investigators have reported that most of technology exposure, such as watching television and videos or listening to music, is passive. (V) Basic neural networks in most adults are said to have been laid down during a time when direct social action was the norm.

(I) The practice of counting population is, in fact, a very old one. (II) An essential feature of a census is that the enumeration is direct and names each individual person. (III) The Roman census, which was designed primarily as the basis of the taxation system under which citizens were classified into six classes according to their property, also ascertained the number of men available to serve in the army. (IV) The census takers declared publicly the number of persons counted in Rome, and the proportion of orphans and widows. (V) In 5 B.C., the census was extended to the whole of the Roman Empire.

(I) With shipping predicted to increase threefold within the next 30 years, there are plans for a zero emissions ferry. (II) It will catch the wind through computer-controlled sails covered by solar cells to generate extra electricity. (III) The vessel will have a main hull surrounded by four side hulls, cutting drag. (IV) This will also eliminate the need for ballast water, which can have a negative environmental impact. (V) Shipping is one of the cheaper ways of transporting goods across the vast oceans of our planet.

(I) A person with mouth or throat cancer may receive radiation therapy and surgery or just radiation therapy. (II) Staying out of the sun reduces the risk of lip cancer. (III) Yet radiation therapy often destroys the salivary glands and leaves the person’s mouth dry, which can lead to cavities and other dental problems. (IV) In addition, because jawbones exposed to radiation don’t heal well, dental problems are treated before radiation is administered. (V) Further, any teeth likely to become problems are removed, and time is allowed for healing.

(I) Combat stress may arise when an event, situation or condition in a fighting zone requires a soldier to alter his or her behaviour in response to new demand. (II) As a result, certain situations could have placed so much strain on an individual that he or she could not maintain a normal level of functioning. (III) This change in behaviour typically presents cognitive, physiological and emotional challenges. (IV) Such stress is a normal and expected experience for deployed personnel, and the vast majority of soldiers manage it effectively. (V) Many actually perform better under reasonable levels of stress.