1. – 6. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük veya ifadeyi bulunuz.

If the Achilles tendon, which is the thickest and most powerful tendon in the body, is cut, the use of that leg for running or jumping is lost —-; it can no longer perform these actions.

Traditionally, medicine has taken a paternalistic stance towards patients, with the all-knowing physician —- wisdom from on high, but that is becoming increasingly unacceptable.

Some temperate environments have mild winters with abundant —-, combined with extremely dry summers.

Most space rockets plunge into the oceans or become space litter when they are —- completely.

The report emphasizes that, due to serious acidification in the coastal waters, many marine organisms have —-.

Satellite television transmission now makes it —- for us to watch events as they unfold in other countries.

7. – 16. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük veya ifadeyi bulunuz.

—- an individual grows to maturity, he acquires a personal structure conditioned by the position he occupies in the social system.

People cannot minimize the consequences of heart failure —- they introduce changes in their lives and strictly obey the instructions given by the doctor.

—- popular belief, laboratory experiments show that men have a higher pain tolerance than women.

—- an organization depends on collaborative arrangements, —- likely it is to lose control over decisions.

The 1980s —- a surge of new interest —- the definition of intelligence.

It is assumed —- an educational programme should emphasize the valid aspects of the cultural and historical past.

People who travel —- airlines all have stories —- how bad the experience is when things go wrong.

An Indian drug company has offered to supply an anti-AIDS drug —- sufferers in developing countries —- less than one-twentieth of the standard cost in the West.

If you —- long hours on the job, most probably your stress level —-, leaving you more vulnerable to cravings for unhealthy food.

Nineteenth-century military helmets —- than they now appear, but even at their best they —- the way to the future of head protection.

17. – 21. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük veya ifadeyi bulunuz.

The gondola has been a part of Venice since the 11th century. (17) —- its slim shape and flat underside, the boat is perfectly adapted to manoeuvring in Venice’s narrow, shallow canals. The front of the boat has a (18) —- leftward curve to prevent it from going around in circles, as the gondolier, or operator of the boat, uses the oar only on the right side. In 1562, it (19) —- that all gondolas should be black to stop people from making an (20) —- show of their wealth. Today, gondola rides are expensive, and are (21) —- taken only by tourists.

The gondola has been a part of Venice since the 11th century. (17) —- its slim shape and flat underside, the boat is perfectly adapted to manoeuvring in Venice’s narrow, shallow canals. The front of the boat has a (18) —- leftward curve to prevent it from going around in circles, as the gondolier, or operator of the boat, uses the oar only on the right side. In 1562, it (19) —- that all gondolas should be black to stop people from making an (20) —- show of their wealth. Today, gondola rides are expensive, and are (21) —- taken only by tourists.

The gondola has been a part of Venice since the 11th century. (17) —- its slim shape and flat underside, the boat is perfectly adapted to manoeuvring in Venice’s narrow, shallow canals. The front of the boat has a (18) —- leftward curve to prevent it from going around in circles, as the gondolier, or operator of the boat, uses the oar only on the right side. In 1562, it (19) —- that all gondolas should be black to stop people from making an (20) —- show of their wealth. Today, gondola rides are expensive, and are (21) —- taken only by tourists.

The gondola has been a part of Venice since the 11th century. (17) —- its slim shape and flat underside, the boat is perfectly adapted to manoeuvring in Venice’s narrow, shallow canals. The front of the boat has a (18) —- leftward curve to prevent it from going around in circles, as the gondolier, or operator of the boat, uses the oar only on the right side. In 1562, it (19) —- that all gondolas should be black to stop people from making an (20) —- show of their wealth. Today, gondola rides are expensive, and are (21) —- taken only by tourists.

The gondola has been a part of Venice since the 11th century. (17) —- its slim shape and flat underside, the boat is perfectly adapted to manoeuvring in Venice’s narrow, shallow canals. The front of the boat has a (18) —- leftward curve to prevent it from going around in circles, as the gondolier, or operator of the boat, uses the oar only on the right side. In 1562, it (19) —- that all gondolas should be black to stop people from making an (20) —- show of their wealth. Today, gondola rides are expensive, and are (21) —- taken only by tourists.

22. – 26. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük veya ifadeyi bulunuz.

Underwater archaeology is beginning to yield a detailed picture of whaling undertaken by Basque fishermen at Red Bay, Labrador, in the 16th century. The Basques were at this time the largest suppliers to Europe of whale oil – an important (22) —- used for lighting and in products such as soap. In 1977, prompted by the discovery in Spanish archives that Red Bay (23) —- a prominent whaling centre, Canadian archaeologist James A. Tuck began an excavation on the island at the mouth of Red Bay Harbour. Here he found remains of structures for turning blubber (24) —- whale oil. (25) —-, in 1978, the nautical archaeologist Robert Grenier led a Parks Canada team in search of the Basque galleon San Juan, (26) —- the archives said had sunk in the harbour in 1565.

Underwater archaeology is beginning to yield a detailed picture of whaling undertaken by Basque fishermen at Red Bay, Labrador, in the 16th century. The Basques were at this time the largest suppliers to Europe of whale oil – an important (22) —- used for lighting and in products such as soap. In 1977, prompted by the discovery in Spanish archives that Red Bay (23) —- a prominent whaling centre, Canadian archaeologist James A. Tuck began an excavation on the island at the mouth of Red Bay Harbour. Here he found remains of structures for turning blubber (24) —- whale oil. (25) —-, in 1978, the nautical archaeologist Robert Grenier led a Parks Canada team in search of the Basque galleon San Juan, (26) —- the archives said had sunk in the harbour in 1565.

Underwater archaeology is beginning to yield a detailed picture of whaling undertaken by Basque fishermen at Red Bay, Labrador, in the 16th century. The Basques were at this time the largest suppliers to Europe of whale oil – an important (22) —- used for lighting and in products such as soap. In 1977, prompted by the discovery in Spanish archives that Red Bay (23) —- a prominent whaling centre, Canadian archaeologist James A. Tuck began an excavation on the island at the mouth of Red Bay Harbour. Here he found remains of structures for turning blubber (24) —- whale oil. (25) —-, in 1978, the nautical archaeologist Robert Grenier led a Parks Canada team in search of the Basque galleon San Juan, (26) —- the archives said had sunk in the harbour in 1565.

Underwater archaeology is beginning to yield a detailed picture of whaling undertaken by Basque fishermen at Red Bay, Labrador, in the 16th century. The Basques were at this time the largest suppliers to Europe of whale oil – an important (22) —- used for lighting and in products such as soap. In 1977, prompted by the discovery in Spanish archives that Red Bay (23) —- a prominent whaling centre, Canadian archaeologist James A. Tuck began an excavation on the island at the mouth of Red Bay Harbour. Here he found remains of structures for turning blubber (24) —- whale oil. (25) —-, in 1978, the nautical archaeologist Robert Grenier led a Parks Canada team in search of the Basque galleon San Juan, (26) —- the archives said had sunk in the harbour in 1565.

Underwater archaeology is beginning to yield a detailed picture of whaling undertaken by Basque fishermen at Red Bay, Labrador, in the 16th century. The Basques were at this time the largest suppliers to Europe of whale oil – an important (22) —- used for lighting and in products such as soap. In 1977, prompted by the discovery in Spanish archives that Red Bay (23) —- a prominent whaling centre, Canadian archaeologist James A. Tuck began an excavation on the island at the mouth of Red Bay Harbour. Here he found remains of structures for turning blubber (24) —- whale oil. (25) —-, in 1978, the nautical archaeologist Robert Grenier led a Parks Canada team in search of the Basque galleon San Juan, (26) —- the archives said had sunk in the harbour in 1565.

27. – 36. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.

Though all observed differences in the behaviour of men and women were long assumed to be due to biological factors, —-.

Illegal aliens in America have been a problem —-.

The traditional Middle Eastern diet, which relies heavily on lean meat, salads, vegetables, and fruit, is a healthy one, —-.

Weather patterns are notoriously complex, —-.

Jet-lag, which appears as an adaptation problem of the human body in long-distance flights, is seen less in children than in adults —-.

Earth’s temperature shows significant variations —-.

—-, but now scientists know that some cells in the eye can detect light even when the eyes are closed.

Our voices sound higher and thinner on tape than they do when we hear ourselves speaking —-.

While children in their early years are learning about the world around them, —-.

The British Medical Association is coming under pressure to support compulsory childhood vaccinations, —-.

37. – 42. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi, Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz.

It was only at the beginning of the 18th century that Johann Friedrich Böttger discovered kaolin and made it possible to produce in Europe a porcelain as hard as that which had been imported from China.

The health care sector will have to alter its plans fundamentally, which are currently failing to produce inexpensive and highly efficient drugs.

Several problems have to be overcome to make any nuclear reactor function.

İnternet bankacılığının güvenlik özelliklerinde gerçekleştirilen son zamanlardaki gelişmelerle, müşteriler evlerinden ya da ofislerinden internet aracılığı ile banka işlemlerini yapabilmektedirler.

Akciğerlerde, oksijen temini ile oksijen gereksinimi arasındaki normal ve hassas dengeyi bozan herhangi bir rahatsızlık, kişiyi nefessiz bırakabilir.

Astronotlara daha rahat bir uçuş sağlamak için NASA’nın yeni nesil roketleri şok emicilere sahip olacak.

43. – 46. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.

The most important idea of the nineteenth century in Britain was that everyone had the right to personal freedom, and this became the basis of capitalism. This idea, which had originated with Adam Smith in the eighteenth century, spread widely due to the popularity of his book The Wealth of Nations. After Adam Smith, several capitalist economists argued that the government should not interfere in trade and industry at all. Fewer laws, they claimed, meant more freedom, and freedom for individuals would lead to happiness for the greatest number of people. These ideas were eagerly accepted by the growing middle class. However, it soon became very clear that the freedom of factory owners to do as they pleased had led to slavery and misery for the poor, not to happiness or freedom. By 1820, more and more people had begun to accept the idea that the government must interfere to protect the poor and the weak. The result was a number of laws to improve working conditions. For instance, one of the laws, which went into effect in 1833, limited the number of hours that women and children were allowed to work.

As pointed out in the passage, in the early decades of the nineteenth century in Britain —-.

The most important idea of the nineteenth century in Britain was that everyone had the right to personal freedom, and this became the basis of capitalism. This idea, which had originated with Adam Smith in the eighteenth century, spread widely due to the popularity of his book The Wealth of Nations. After Adam Smith, several capitalist economists argued that the government should not interfere in trade and industry at all. Fewer laws, they claimed, meant more freedom, and freedom for individuals would lead to happiness for the greatest number of people. These ideas were eagerly accepted by the growing middle class. However, it soon became very clear that the freedom of factory owners to do as they pleased had led to slavery and misery for the poor, not to happiness or freedom. By 1820, more and more people had begun to accept the idea that the government must interfere to protect the poor and the weak. The result was a number of laws to improve working conditions. For instance, one of the laws, which went into effect in 1833, limited the number of hours that women and children were allowed to work.

It is stated in the passage that the idea of individual freedom, —-.

The most important idea of the nineteenth century in Britain was that everyone had the right to personal freedom, and this became the basis of capitalism. This idea, which had originated with Adam Smith in the eighteenth century, spread widely due to the popularity of his book The Wealth of Nations. After Adam Smith, several capitalist economists argued that the government should not interfere in trade and industry at all. Fewer laws, they claimed, meant more freedom, and freedom for individuals would lead to happiness for the greatest number of people. These ideas were eagerly accepted by the growing middle class. However, it soon became very clear that the freedom of factory owners to do as they pleased had led to slavery and misery for the poor, not to happiness or freedom. By 1820, more and more people had begun to accept the idea that the government must interfere to protect the poor and the weak. The result was a number of laws to improve working conditions. For instance, one of the laws, which went into effect in 1833, limited the number of hours that women and children were allowed to work.

According to the passage, following in the footsteps of Adam Smith, a number of capitalist economists in Britain —-.

The most important idea of the nineteenth century in Britain was that everyone had the right to personal freedom, and this became the basis of capitalism. This idea, which had originated with Adam Smith in the eighteenth century, spread widely due to the popularity of his book The Wealth of Nations. After Adam Smith, several capitalist economists argued that the government should not interfere in trade and industry at all. Fewer laws, they claimed, meant more freedom, and freedom for individuals would lead to happiness for the greatest number of people. These ideas were eagerly accepted by the growing middle class. However, it soon became very clear that the freedom of factory owners to do as they pleased had led to slavery and misery for the poor, not to happiness or freedom. By 1820, more and more people had begun to accept the idea that the government must interfere to protect the poor and the weak. The result was a number of laws to improve working conditions. For instance, one of the laws, which went into effect in 1833, limited the number of hours that women and children were allowed to work.

Though it was still widely believed in nineteenth-century Britain that laws limit freedom, —-.

47. – 50. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.

Proteins are of central importance in the chemistry of life. These macromolecules serve as structural components of cells and tissues; growth and repair, as well as maintenance of the organism depend on an adequate supply of these compounds. Many proteins serve as enzymes, molecules that speed up the thousands of different chemical reactions that take place in an organism. The protein constituents of a cell are the clues to its lifestyle. Each cell type has characteristic types, distributions, and amounts of protein that determine what the cell looks like and how it functions. A muscle cell differs from other cell types by virtue of its large content of the proteins myosin and actin, which are largely responsible for its appearance as well as for its ability to contract. The protein haemoglobin, found in red blood cells, is responsible for the specialized function of oxygen transport. Although carbohydrates and lipids tend to have the same structures, among different species, most proteins are species-specific; that is, their structures vary from species to species. The specific proteins present are largely responsible for differences among species.

It is clearly stated in the passage that proteins —–.

Proteins are of central importance in the chemistry of life. These macromolecules serve as structural components of cells and tissues; growth and repair, as well as maintenance of the organism depend on an adequate supply of these compounds. Many proteins serve as enzymes, molecules that speed up the thousands of different chemical reactions that take place in an organism. The protein constituents of a cell are the clues to its lifestyle. Each cell type has characteristic types, distributions, and amounts of protein that determine what the cell looks like and how it functions. A muscle cell differs from other cell types by virtue of its large content of the proteins myosin and actin, which are largely responsible for its appearance as well as for its ability to contract. The protein haemoglobin, found in red blood cells, is responsible for the specialized function of oxygen transport. Although carbohydrates and lipids tend to have the same structures, among different species, most proteins are species-specific; that is, their structures vary from species to species. The specific proteins present are largely responsible for differences among species.

As it is pointed out in the passage, while noting the differences in the structures of proteins, the writer —–.

Proteins are of central importance in the chemistry of life. These macromolecules serve as structural components of cells and tissues; growth and repair, as well as maintenance of the organism depend on an adequate supply of these compounds. Many proteins serve as enzymes, molecules that speed up the thousands of different chemical reactions that take place in an organism. The protein constituents of a cell are the clues to its lifestyle. Each cell type has characteristic types, distributions, and amounts of protein that determine what the cell looks like and how it functions. A muscle cell differs from other cell types by virtue of its large content of the proteins myosin and actin, which are largely responsible for its appearance as well as for its ability to contract. The protein haemoglobin, found in red blood cells, is responsible for the specialized function of oxygen transport. Although carbohydrates and lipids tend to have the same structures, among different species, most proteins are species-specific; that is, their structures vary from species to species. The specific proteins present are largely responsible for differences among species.

The passage is mainly concerned with the —–.

Proteins are of central importance in the chemistry of life. These macromolecules serve as structural components of cells and tissues; growth and repair, as well as maintenance of the organism depend on an adequate supply of these compounds. Many proteins serve as enzymes, molecules that speed up the thousands of different chemical reactions that take place in an organism. The protein constituents of a cell are the clues to its lifestyle. Each cell type has characteristic types, distributions, and amounts of protein that determine what the cell looks like and how it functions. A muscle cell differs from other cell types by virtue of its large content of the proteins myosin and actin, which are largely responsible for its appearance as well as for its ability to contract. The protein haemoglobin, found in red blood cells, is responsible for the specialized function of oxygen transport. Although carbohydrates and lipids tend to have the same structures, among different species, most proteins are species-specific; that is, their structures vary from species to species. The specific proteins present are largely responsible for differences among species.

According to the passage, the operation of cells —–.

51. – 54. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.

Pluto, which was until recently regarded as the outermost and smallest planet in the solar system, has never been visited by an exploring spacecraft. So little is known about it that it is difficult to classify. Its distance from Earth is so great that the Hubble Space Telescope cannot reveal its surface features. Appropriately named for the Roman god of the underworld, it must be frozen, dark, and dead. Its mean distance from the Sun is 5,900 million kilometres. In fact, it has the most eccentric orbit in the solar system, bringing it at times closer to the Sun than Neptune. Furthermore, there is evidence that Pluto has an atmosphere, containing methane, and a polar ice cap that increases and decreases in size with Pluto’s seasons. It is not known to have water. The Hubble Space Telescope’s faint-object camera revealed light and dark regions on Pluto, indicating an ice cap at the north pole. It is not known if there is an ice cap at Pluto’s south pole.

According to the passage, Pluto’s orbit around the Sun —-.

Pluto, which was until recently regarded as the outermost and smallest planet in the solar system, has never been visited by an exploring spacecraft. So little is known about it that it is difficult to classify. Its distance from Earth is so great that the Hubble Space Telescope cannot reveal its surface features. Appropriately named for the Roman god of the underworld, it must be frozen, dark, and dead. Its mean distance from the Sun is 5,900 million kilometres. In fact, it has the most eccentric orbit in the solar system, bringing it at times closer to the Sun than Neptune. Furthermore, there is evidence that Pluto has an atmosphere, containing methane, and a polar ice cap that increases and decreases in size with Pluto’s seasons. It is not known to have water. The Hubble Space Telescope’s faint-object camera revealed light and dark regions on Pluto, indicating an ice cap at the north pole. It is not known if there is an ice cap at Pluto’s south pole.

As it is pointed out in the passage, Pluto —-.

Pluto, which was until recently regarded as the outermost and smallest planet in the solar system, has never been visited by an exploring spacecraft. So little is known about it that it is difficult to classify. Its distance from Earth is so great that the Hubble Space Telescope cannot reveal its surface features. Appropriately named for the Roman god of the underworld, it must be frozen, dark, and dead. Its mean distance from the Sun is 5,900 million kilometres. In fact, it has the most eccentric orbit in the solar system, bringing it at times closer to the Sun than Neptune. Furthermore, there is evidence that Pluto has an atmosphere, containing methane, and a polar ice cap that increases and decreases in size with Pluto’s seasons. It is not known to have water. The Hubble Space Telescope’s faint-object camera revealed light and dark regions on Pluto, indicating an ice cap at the north pole. It is not known if there is an ice cap at Pluto’s south pole.

It is stated in the passage that, since Pluto is so far away from Earth, —-.

Pluto, which was until recently regarded as the outermost and smallest planet in the solar system, has never been visited by an exploring spacecraft. So little is known about it that it is difficult to classify. Its distance from Earth is so great that the Hubble Space Telescope cannot reveal its surface features. Appropriately named for the Roman god of the underworld, it must be frozen, dark, and dead. Its mean distance from the Sun is 5,900 million kilometres. In fact, it has the most eccentric orbit in the solar system, bringing it at times closer to the Sun than Neptune. Furthermore, there is evidence that Pluto has an atmosphere, containing methane, and a polar ice cap that increases and decreases in size with Pluto’s seasons. It is not known to have water. The Hubble Space Telescope’s faint-object camera revealed light and dark regions on Pluto, indicating an ice cap at the north pole. It is not known if there is an ice cap at Pluto’s south pole.

As it is stated in the passage, from the data provided by the Hubble Space Telescope about Pluto —-.

55. – 58. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.

When we take medication, some can pass through us intact and go down the toilet. Once in the sewers, these drugs are not removed during the treatment process, and end up in the waterways. To find out how pharmaceutical waste finds its way into aquatic creatures, Erinn Richmond at Monash University in Australia and her colleagues sampled flies, beetles, other insects and spiders from six waterways in the greater Melbourne region. Overall, the group detected 69 medications in the invertebrates. Organisms near wastewater plants contained the highest levels, but low levels were also detected in those from more pristine areas. Richmond presumes river-borne pharmaceuticals probably accumulate in flies and beetles while they are underwater larvae, then transfer to spiders that feed on them after they emerge as adults. Other predators in the food web such as fish, platypuses, birds, bats and frogs may also become cross-contaminated, she says. Her team calculated that trout and platypuses feeding on insects near wastewater plants would consume anti-depressant doses up to half the level normally prescribed to humans. The impacts of this are not certain, but previous studies have found that high-level exposure to anti-depressants causes fish to become less vigilant about avoiding predators. Male birds also seem to sing less to females when exposed to the drugs.

It can be understood from the passage that medicine —-.

When we take medication, some can pass through us intact and go down the toilet. Once in the sewers, these drugs are not removed during the treatment process, and end up in the waterways. To find out how pharmaceutical waste finds its way into aquatic creatures, Erinn Richmond at Monash University in Australia and her colleagues sampled flies, beetles, other insects and spiders from six waterways in the greater Melbourne region. Overall, the group detected 69 medications in the invertebrates. Organisms near wastewater plants contained the highest levels, but low levels were also detected in those from more pristine areas. Richmond presumes river-borne pharmaceuticals probably accumulate in flies and beetles while they are underwater larvae, then transfer to spiders that feed on them after they emerge as adults. Other predators in the food web such as fish, platypuses, birds, bats and frogs may also become cross-contaminated, she says. Her team calculated that trout and platypuses feeding on insects near wastewater plants would consume anti-depressant doses up to half the level normally prescribed to humans. The impacts of this are not certain, but previous studies have found that high-level exposure to anti-depressants causes fish to become less vigilant about avoiding predators. Male birds also seem to sing less to females when exposed to the drugs.

What point does Richmond make about contamination in the passage?

When we take medication, some can pass through us intact and go down the toilet. Once in the sewers, these drugs are not removed during the treatment process, and end up in the waterways. To find out how pharmaceutical waste finds its way into aquatic creatures, Erinn Richmond at Monash University in Australia and her colleagues sampled flies, beetles, other insects and spiders from six waterways in the greater Melbourne region. Overall, the group detected 69 medications in the invertebrates. Organisms near wastewater plants contained the highest levels, but low levels were also detected in those from more pristine areas. Richmond presumes river-borne pharmaceuticals probably accumulate in flies and beetles while they are underwater larvae, then transfer to spiders that feed on them after they emerge as adults. Other predators in the food web such as fish, platypuses, birds, bats and frogs may also become cross-contaminated, she says. Her team calculated that trout and platypuses feeding on insects near wastewater plants would consume anti-depressant doses up to half the level normally prescribed to humans. The impacts of this are not certain, but previous studies have found that high-level exposure to anti-depressants causes fish to become less vigilant about avoiding predators. Male birds also seem to sing less to females when exposed to the drugs.

It is stated in the passage that anti-depressants —-.

When we take medication, some can pass through us intact and go down the toilet. Once in the sewers, these drugs are not removed during the treatment process, and end up in the waterways. To find out how pharmaceutical waste finds its way into aquatic creatures, Erinn Richmond at Monash University in Australia and her colleagues sampled flies, beetles, other insects and spiders from six waterways in the greater Melbourne region. Overall, the group detected 69 medications in the invertebrates. Organisms near wastewater plants contained the highest levels, but low levels were also detected in those from more pristine areas. Richmond presumes river-borne pharmaceuticals probably accumulate in flies and beetles while they are underwater larvae, then transfer to spiders that feed on them after they emerge as adults. Other predators in the food web such as fish, platypuses, birds, bats and frogs may also become cross-contaminated, she says. Her team calculated that trout and platypuses feeding on insects near wastewater plants would consume anti-depressant doses up to half the level normally prescribed to humans. The impacts of this are not certain, but previous studies have found that high-level exposure to anti-depressants causes fish to become less vigilant about avoiding predators. Male birds also seem to sing less to females when exposed to the drugs.

What could be the best title for this passage?

59. – 62. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.

The distinction between ‘journalism’ and ‘literature’ is quite futile, unless we are drawing such a violent contrast as that between Gibbon’s History and today’s paper; and such a contrast itself is too violent to have meaning. You cannot, that is, draw any useful distinction between journalism and literature merely on a scale of literary values, as a difference between the well-written and the supremely well-written: a second-rate novel is not journalism, but it certainly is not literature. The term ‘journalism’ has deteriorated, so let us try to recall it to its more permanent sense. To my thinking, the most accurate as well as most comprehensive definition of the term is to be obtained through considering the type of mind, concerned with writing what all would concede to be the best journalism. There’s a type of mind, and I have a very close sympathy with it, which can only turn to writing, or only produce its best writing, under the pressure of an immediate occasion; and it is this type of mind which I propose to treat as the journalist’s. The underlying causes may differ: the cause may be an ardent preoccupation with affairs of the day, or it may be (as with myself) laziness requiring an immediate stimulus, or a habit formed by early necessity of earning small sums quickly. It is not so much that the journalist works on different material from that of other writers, as that he works from a different, no less and often more honourable, motive.

In this passage, the writer asserts that —-.

The distinction between ‘journalism’ and ‘literature’ is quite futile, unless we are drawing such a violent contrast as that between Gibbon’s History and today’s paper; and such a contrast itself is too violent to have meaning. You cannot, that is, draw any useful distinction between journalism and literature merely on a scale of literary values, as a difference between the well-written and the supremely well-written: a second-rate novel is not journalism, but it certainly is not literature. The term ‘journalism’ has deteriorated, so let us try to recall it to its more permanent sense. To my thinking, the most accurate as well as most comprehensive definition of the term is to be obtained through considering the type of mind, concerned with writing what all would concede to be the best journalism. There’s a type of mind, and I have a very close sympathy with it, which can only turn to writing, or only produce its best writing, under the pressure of an immediate occasion; and it is this type of mind which I propose to treat as the journalist’s. The underlying causes may differ: the cause may be an ardent preoccupation with affairs of the day, or it may be (as with myself) laziness requiring an immediate stimulus, or a habit formed by early necessity of earning small sums quickly. It is not so much that the journalist works on different material from that of other writers, as that he works from a different, no less and often more honourable, motive.

It is clear from the passage that the writer —-.

The distinction between ‘journalism’ and ‘literature’ is quite futile, unless we are drawing such a violent contrast as that between Gibbon’s History and today’s paper; and such a contrast itself is too violent to have meaning. You cannot, that is, draw any useful distinction between journalism and literature merely on a scale of literary values, as a difference between the well-written and the supremely well-written: a second-rate novel is not journalism, but it certainly is not literature. The term ‘journalism’ has deteriorated, so let us try to recall it to its more permanent sense. To my thinking, the most accurate as well as most comprehensive definition of the term is to be obtained through considering the type of mind, concerned with writing what all would concede to be the best journalism. There’s a type of mind, and I have a very close sympathy with it, which can only turn to writing, or only produce its best writing, under the pressure of an immediate occasion; and it is this type of mind which I propose to treat as the journalist’s. The underlying causes may differ: the cause may be an ardent preoccupation with affairs of the day, or it may be (as with myself) laziness requiring an immediate stimulus, or a habit formed by early necessity of earning small sums quickly. It is not so much that the journalist works on different material from that of other writers, as that he works from a different, no less and often more honourable, motive.

The point is made in the passage that the journalist does his best writing when —-.

The distinction between ‘journalism’ and ‘literature’ is quite futile, unless we are drawing such a violent contrast as that between Gibbon’s History and today’s paper; and such a contrast itself is too violent to have meaning. You cannot, that is, draw any useful distinction between journalism and literature merely on a scale of literary values, as a difference between the well-written and the supremely well-written: a second-rate novel is not journalism, but it certainly is not literature. The term ‘journalism’ has deteriorated, so let us try to recall it to its more permanent sense. To my thinking, the most accurate as well as most comprehensive definition of the term is to be obtained through considering the type of mind, concerned with writing what all would concede to be the best journalism. There’s a type of mind, and I have a very close sympathy with it, which can only turn to writing, or only produce its best writing, under the pressure of an immediate occasion; and it is this type of mind which I propose to treat as the journalist’s. The underlying causes may differ: the cause may be an ardent preoccupation with affairs of the day, or it may be (as with myself) laziness requiring an immediate stimulus, or a habit formed by early necessity of earning small sums quickly. It is not so much that the journalist works on different material from that of other writers, as that he works from a different, no less and often more honourable, motive.

According to the passage, what characterizes the work of the journalist is —-.

63. – 67. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş bırakılan kısmını tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi bulunuz.

Ann:
– I’m trying to choose a day-care centre for my son, but I don’t know which one is the best.
Susan:
– Find a centre that meets applicable laws and license regulations.
Ann:
– Yes, I’ll certainly do that. But isn’t a mother’s intuition also important?
Susan:
– What do you mean?
Ann:
– —-

Edward:
– Recently I’ve been reading about the Gaia hypothesis. Although some scientists are reluctant to accept it, I am for it.
Tina:
– Yes, I know there has been much debate recently on this hypothesis. But what is the hypothesis about exactly?
Edward:
– —-
Tina:
– I see. Surely, planet Earth is alive in the sense that it is capable of self-maintenance.

Susan :
– Hi, John! How are things going with you and your family?
John :
– Not very well. I’ve just lost my job and now all the financial responsibility is on my wife. We have bills that are due and I feel terrible about it.
Susan :
– I’m sorry to hear that, but surely your son is old enough to work.
John :
– Actually, he has a good job, but he says he doesn’t get paid well and it is hard for him to help out.
Susan :
– —-

Peter :
– Are you still using the old version of your internet browser?
Susan :
– Yes, and I’m quite happy with it.
Peter :
– —-
Susan :
– Oh, I didn’t know about that. I’ll take your advice, for I really don’t want to be hacked.

Robert:
– Like most people, you probably think that the billions of dollars poured by the West into fighting diseases in poor countries have produced only good results.
Tom:
– Of course, I do. For one thing, it’s well-known that millions of people are alive today because of the coordinated distribution of HIV drugs in developing countries.
Robert:
– —-
Tom:
– That’s a serious issue that needs to be addressed.

68. – 71. sorularda, verilen cümleye anlamca en yakın cümleyi bulunuz.

An enduring illusion of the Americans is that every social imperfection can be corrected simply by passing a law.

Critics have disagreed as to whether Antigone or Creon is the protagonist of Sophocles’ play Antigone.

Everyone seems to be on edge these days, but with the elections so near that is hardly surprising.

As a matter of fact, no singer I’ve worked with can be compared either in talent or stance with this one.

72. – 75. sorularda, boş bırakılan yere, parçada anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz.

Are identical (monozygotic) twins genetically identical? Mostly, they are. This is because the twins are conceived when the fertilized egg divides into two separate embryos. Therefore, they, start with identical DNA, but over time small differences can develop. —- This leads to differences that have been linked to autism, lupus and learning disabilities.

Electronics and communications have been completely transformed by technological advances in materials. A good example is optical fibre cables that have replaced long-distance telephone cables made of copper wire. Optical fibres are fine threads of extremely pure glass. —- Not only are optical-fibre cables cheaper and less bulky than copper cables carrying the same information, but also by using different colours of light, optical-fibre cables can carry voice, data, and video information at the same time.

Replication is not the only way to improve accuracy in scientific experimentation. —-. Blocking is a method of experimental design that reduces the effects of chance errors; modelling, on the other hand, is much less familiar to practicing scientists.

The internet is a computer-based global information system. —-. Each of these networks may link tens, hundreds, or even thousands of computers, enabling them to share information with one another. The Internet, in this sense, has made it possible for people all over the world to communicate with one another effectively and inexpensively.

76. – 80. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz.

(I) The common notion is that leadership consists of certain qualities inherent in some individuals and that an individual who possesses these qualities is a leader. (II) In any situation s/he will be able to command the confidence and respect of his/her fellows and to induce them to follow his/her policies and to accept his/her plans and decisions. (III) However, nowadays, it is conceived as a functional role of a group member, played by an individual at a particular time in a particular group of people. (IV) Research on the nature of leadership has helped to explode the notion of individually distinct set of qualities, traits, or abilities. (V) In other words, leadership is being exercised when a group member is helping the group to define and to meet its needs.

(I) Normal body temperature varies from individual to individual, but is typically just over 37°C. (II) If this temperature drops by a small amount, then hypothermia sets in. (III) At 35°C you will be unable to write your own name and even walking is very difficult. (IV) The theoretical absolute lower limit is zero degrees centigrade. (V) At 32°C, most people will collapse, slipping unconscious when their core temperature drops to around 30°C.

(I) Lake and ocean shores have extensive sand dunes, which are deposited by wind and water. (II) At first these dunes are blown about by the wind. (III) The sand dune environment is severe, with high temperatures during the day and low temperatures at night. (IV) If ozone disappeared from the stratosphere, Earth would become unliveable for most forms of life. (V) Also, sand dunes are deficient in certain mineral nutrients needed by plants.

(I) The eyeball is divided into two segments, each filled with fluid. (II) The front segment extends from the cornea to the lens. (III) The back segment extends from the back edges of the lens to the retina. (IV) Both the front and back segments are filled with the fluids that help the eyeball maintain its shape. (V) In fact, tears are rich in antibodies that help prevent infection.

(I) Any given place may have several different ecosystems that vary in size and complexity. (II) Humans benefit from these smoothly-functioning ecosystems in many ways. (III) A tropical island, for example, may have a rain forest ecosystem that covers hundreds of square miles, a swamp ecosystem along the coast, and an underwater coral reef ecosystem. (IV) No matter how the size or complexity of an ecosystem is characterized, all ecosystems exhibit a constant exchange of matter and energy between the living and non-living elements. (V) This constant exchange between these elements makes ecosystems highly interconnected.