1. – 6. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük veya ifadeyi bulunuz.

Some frozen areas of Greenland have always melted each summer, but recent research has shown that the extent of snowmelt in Greenland increased —- between 1992 and 2015.

In the advertising industry, it is a maxim that a message needs to be —- often in order to be both understood and appreciated.

Some ethnic minority groups of students within the US, such as African Americans and Hispanic Americans, achieve below the national average of all students; however, one —- is the high educational achievements demonstrated by Asian American students.

Doctors once —- high fluid pressure in the eye to diagnose glaucoma, but now a six-year study has indicated that glaucoma can be diagnosed earlier by also measuring damage to the optic nerve.

Few people know that many research projects are —- solely by the EU.

Because of the time needed to develop expertise, scientists tend to continue working in a single area for a —- length of time, perhaps even throughout their lives.

7. – 16. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük veya ifadeyi bulunuz.

In diabetic patients, even though food intake may be increased, weight loss can occur —- muscles and fat stores may shrink as they are not getting the necessary glucose.

—- many individual cases of malicious data leaks online that have caught the public eye, there has been very little research examining the scale of the problem.

—- a violent storm is over, it leaves a cooler ocean behind, lowering the likelihood that more storms will flare up, at least not immediately.

The 19th-century scientists fell into a bitter debate as to —- intelligence lay in anatomy —- a vital force was responsible for thoughts.

In 1517, the Italian physician Girolamo Fracastoro was probably the first person —- that fossils are animal remains; however, it was not until the 18th century that scientists —- to realise that fossils can tell us a great deal about the history of living things.

Ankara University was established in 1925, and many faculties, institutes and schools have since been set up within it, the first of —– was the Faculty of Law.

Lung cancer is the most common cause of death —- cancer —- both men and women.

—- an average of five credit cards per person, the people in the United States buy more —- credit than the people in any other country in the world.

If things —- according to plan, the book —- by this time next year.

Since 1997, when the spacecraft ‘The Mars Global Surveyor’ —- over the surface of Mars for the first time, scientists —- by the considerable magnetic anomalies identified on the planet.

17. – 21. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük veya ifadeyi bulunuz.

Human (17) —- is a factor in many accidents and it is now receiving considerable emphasis. The safe emergency evacuation of a large airliner is not only difficult to accomplish (18) —- it will become (19) —- difficult as aircraft capacity increases. (20) —-, flight and cabin crew are trained to deal with emergencies in simulators and instructed to save passengers before (21) —-.

Human (17) —- is a factor in many accidents and it is now receiving considerable emphasis. The safe emergency evacuation of a large airliner is not only difficult to accomplish (18) —- it will become (19) —- difficult as aircraft capacity increases. (20) —-, flight and cabin crew are trained to deal with emergencies in simulators and instructed to save passengers before (21) —-.

Human (17) —- is a factor in many accidents and it is now receiving considerable emphasis. The safe emergency evacuation of a large airliner is not only difficult to accomplish (18) —- it will become (19) —- difficult as aircraft capacity increases. (20) —-, flight and cabin crew are trained to deal with emergencies in simulators and instructed to save passengers before (21) —-.

Human (17) —- is a factor in many accidents and it is now receiving considerable emphasis. The safe emergency evacuation of a large airliner is not only difficult to accomplish (18) —- it will become (19) —- difficult as aircraft capacity increases. (20) —-, flight and cabin crew are trained to deal with emergencies in simulators and instructed to save passengers before (21) —-.

Human (17) —- is a factor in many accidents and it is now receiving considerable emphasis. The safe emergency evacuation of a large airliner is not only difficult to accomplish (18) —- it will become (19) —- difficult as aircraft capacity increases. (20) —-, flight and cabin crew are trained to deal with emergencies in simulators and instructed to save passengers before (21) —-.

22. – 26. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük veya ifadeyi bulunuz.

Since ancient times, architecture has been considered the ‘mother’ of the arts. (22) —- music, painting, and sculpture that exist in a way separate from life, architecture incorporates life. People and their activities are an (23) —- component of architecture, not merely as spectators to be entertained but as contributors and participants. Painters, sculptors, and composers of music (24) —- about how their viewers or audience never see or hear their art in quite the same way as it was conceived, or that is interpreted or displayed in ways that affect its innate character. However, they have control (25) —- the essence of their work and that essence is, in a way, tightly sealed within the object: the musical score, the covers of a book or the picture frame. (26) —-, even the essence of architecture is realised by the people whose activities it influences.

Since ancient times, architecture has been considered the ‘mother’ of the arts. (22) —- music, painting, and sculpture that exist in a way separate from life, architecture incorporates life. People and their activities are an (23) —- component of architecture, not merely as spectators to be entertained but as contributors and participants. Painters, sculptors, and composers of music (24) —- about how their viewers or audience never see or hear their art in quite the same way as it was conceived, or that is interpreted or displayed in ways that affect its innate character. However, they have control (25) —- the essence of their work and that essence is, in a way, tightly sealed within the object: the musical score, the covers of a book or the picture frame. (26) —-, even the essence of architecture is realised by the people whose activities it influences.

Since ancient times, architecture has been considered the ‘mother’ of the arts. (22) —- music, painting, and sculpture that exist in a way separate from life, architecture incorporates life. People and their activities are an (23) —- component of architecture, not merely as spectators to be entertained but as contributors and participants. Painters, sculptors, and composers of music (24) —- about how their viewers or audience never see or hear their art in quite the same way as it was conceived, or that is interpreted or displayed in ways that affect its innate character. However, they have control (25) —- the essence of their work and that essence is, in a way, tightly sealed within the object: the musical score, the covers of a book or the picture frame. (26) —-, even the essence of architecture is realised by the people whose activities it influences.

Since ancient times, architecture has been considered the ‘mother’ of the arts. (22) —- music, painting, and sculpture that exist in a way separate from life, architecture incorporates life. People and their activities are an (23) —- component of architecture, not merely as spectators to be entertained but as contributors and participants. Painters, sculptors, and composers of music (24) —- about how their viewers or audience never see or hear their art in quite the same way as it was conceived, or that is interpreted or displayed in ways that affect its innate character. However, they have control (25) —- the essence of their work and that essence is, in a way, tightly sealed within the object: the musical score, the covers of a book or the picture frame. (26) —-, even the essence of architecture is realised by the people whose activities it influences.

Since ancient times, architecture has been considered the ‘mother’ of the arts. (22) —- music, painting, and sculpture that exist in a way separate from life, architecture incorporates life. People and their activities are an (23) —- component of architecture, not merely as spectators to be entertained but as contributors and participants. Painters, sculptors, and composers of music (24) —- about how their viewers or audience never see or hear their art in quite the same way as it was conceived, or that is interpreted or displayed in ways that affect its innate character. However, they have control (25) —- the essence of their work and that essence is, in a way, tightly sealed within the object: the musical score, the covers of a book or the picture frame. (26) —-, even the essence of architecture is realised by the people whose activities it influences.

27. – 36. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.

—-, we regularly leave digital traces of our economic standing when expressing ourselves through posts on social media.

It now seems that glial cells, —-, may be nearly as important as neurons are in the thinking process.

Whereas many insomniacs believe that they lack sufficient sleep, —-.

Most people can, to some extent, protect themselves from HIV, —-.

—-, which are cheap but durable.

As children become more self-critical, —–.

On the issue of why men earn more than women, —-.

Because the use of medication during pregnancy gives rise to safety concerns, —-.

Robotics engineers are now producing robots that mimic the gestures of real people —-.

A report issued by the International Energy Agency warned that oil prices could be volatile in 2025, —-.

37. – 42. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi, Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz.

New Zealand, separated from other land masses, has unique plant and animal species, which are vulnerable to the impacts of non-native species.

The change in temperature distribution in the Arctic would also affect ocean currents in the Atlantic, which would, in turn, influence atmospheric circulation in the region.

By stimulating dead brain tissue, neuroscientists have concluded that a specific receptor found in the outer layer of neurons functions differently in schizophrenic brains.

Tek bir türün yok olması çok etkili değildir ama bir ikinci, üçüncü veya daha fazla sayıda tür yok olduğunda ekosistemin tutarlılığı tehdit altına girer.

Doğumdan sonra meydana gelen ciddi hormonal dalgalanmalar, hassas kadınlarda doğum sonrası depresyonuna neden olabilir, ancak, bu rahatsızlığın nedenleri tam olarak anlaşılmamıştır.

Yoksul ülkelerdeki çoğu insan, sıtma, AIDS, verem ile zengin ülkelerde daha az bilinen birçok hastalık çekmektedir; çünkü, hükümetleri, ilâç şirketlerinin istediği fiyatları karşılayamamaktadır.

43. – 46. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.

In his preface to Spaceflight Revolution, David Ashford recalls how he started his research into rocket motors. As he later explains, these were motors that would power a space plane — one that would launch space travellers and satellites cheaply and reliably into orbit. That was 1961. Ashford admits he would probably have taken another job if he’d known that, 42 years later, satellites would still be launched by rockets descended from ballistic missiles. The technology is there, but political and budgetary decisions have so far stopped space planes getting off the ground. But Ashford presents a compelling argument that a small orbital space plane would cost relatively little to design and develop — the equivalent of just two shuttle flights.

As we understand from the passage, Ashford’s space plane project —-.

In his preface to Spaceflight Revolution, David Ashford recalls how he started his research into rocket motors. As he later explains, these were motors that would power a space plane — one that would launch space travellers and satellites cheaply and reliably into orbit. That was 1961. Ashford admits he would probably have taken another job if he’d known that, 42 years later, satellites would still be launched by rockets descended from ballistic missiles. The technology is there, but political and budgetary decisions have so far stopped space planes getting off the ground. But Ashford presents a compelling argument that a small orbital space plane would cost relatively little to design and develop — the equivalent of just two shuttle flights.

According to the passage, Ashford —-.

In his preface to Spaceflight Revolution, David Ashford recalls how he started his research into rocket motors. As he later explains, these were motors that would power a space plane — one that would launch space travellers and satellites cheaply and reliably into orbit. That was 1961. Ashford admits he would probably have taken another job if he’d known that, 42 years later, satellites would still be launched by rockets descended from ballistic missiles. The technology is there, but political and budgetary decisions have so far stopped space planes getting off the ground. But Ashford presents a compelling argument that a small orbital space plane would cost relatively little to design and develop — the equivalent of just two shuttle flights.

As can be understood from the passage, Ashford is firmly convinced that —-.

In his preface to Spaceflight Revolution, David Ashford recalls how he started his research into rocket motors. As he later explains, these were motors that would power a space plane — one that would launch space travellers and satellites cheaply and reliably into orbit. That was 1961. Ashford admits he would probably have taken another job if he’d known that, 42 years later, satellites would still be launched by rockets descended from ballistic missiles. The technology is there, but political and budgetary decisions have so far stopped space planes getting off the ground. But Ashford presents a compelling argument that a small orbital space plane would cost relatively little to design and develop — the equivalent of just two shuttle flights.

It is clear from the passage that there —-.

47. – 50. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.

Using coal to make electricity accounts for about a third of America’s carbon emissions. As a result, tackling emissions from coal-fired power plants represents our best opportunity to make sharp reductions in greenhouse gases. Fortunately, the United States already has the technology to do that. Unfortunately, right now the country is addicted to coal, a cheap, abundant power source. Burning coal produces more than half the country’s electricity, despite its immense human and environmental costs. Air pollutants from coal-fired power plants cause somewhere between 20,000 and 30,000 premature deaths in the United States each year. Besides, fifty tons of mercury are pumped into the atmosphere annually from coal plants. In addition, the extraction of coal, from West Virginia to Wyoming, devastates the physical environment, and its processing and burning produce gigantic volumes of waste.

It is stated in the passage that coal-fired power plants in the United States —-.

Using coal to make electricity accounts for about a third of America’s carbon emissions. As a result, tackling emissions from coal-fired power plants represents our best opportunity to make sharp reductions in greenhouse gases. Fortunately, the United States already has the technology to do that. Unfortunately, right now the country is addicted to coal, a cheap, abundant power source. Burning coal produces more than half the country’s electricity, despite its immense human and environmental costs. Air pollutants from coal-fired power plants cause somewhere between 20,000 and 30,000 premature deaths in the United States each year. Besides, fifty tons of mercury are pumped into the atmosphere annually from coal plants. In addition, the extraction of coal, from West Virginia to Wyoming, devastates the physical environment, and its processing and burning produce gigantic volumes of waste.

Emphasis is put on the fact that the United States —-.

Using coal to make electricity accounts for about a third of America’s carbon emissions. As a result, tackling emissions from coal-fired power plants represents our best opportunity to make sharp reductions in greenhouse gases. Fortunately, the United States already has the technology to do that. Unfortunately, right now the country is addicted to coal, a cheap, abundant power source. Burning coal produces more than half the country’s electricity, despite its immense human and environmental costs. Air pollutants from coal-fired power plants cause somewhere between 20,000 and 30,000 premature deaths in the United States each year. Besides, fifty tons of mercury are pumped into the atmosphere annually from coal plants. In addition, the extraction of coal, from West Virginia to Wyoming, devastates the physical environment, and its processing and burning produce gigantic volumes of waste.

As one learns from the passage, coal —-.

Using coal to make electricity accounts for about a third of America’s carbon emissions. As a result, tackling emissions from coal-fired power plants represents our best opportunity to make sharp reductions in greenhouse gases. Fortunately, the United States already has the technology to do that. Unfortunately, right now the country is addicted to coal, a cheap, abundant power source. Burning coal produces more than half the country’s electricity, despite its immense human and environmental costs. Air pollutants from coal-fired power plants cause somewhere between 20,000 and 30,000 premature deaths in the United States each year. Besides, fifty tons of mercury are pumped into the atmosphere annually from coal plants. In addition, the extraction of coal, from West Virginia to Wyoming, devastates the physical environment, and its processing and burning produce gigantic volumes of waste.

In the passage, the writer —-.

51. – 54. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.

Rivers and streams generally support communities of organisms quite different from those of lakes and ponds. A river or stream changes greatly between its source and the point at which it empties into a lake or the sea. Near the source, a stream’s water is usually cold, low in nutrients, and clear. The channel is often narrow, with a swift current that does not allow much silt to accumulate on the bottom. Most of the organisms found here are supported by the photosynthesis of algae attached to rocks or by organic material, such as leaves, carried into the stream from the surrounding land. Downstream, a river or stream generally widens and slows. The water is usually warmer and may be cloudier because of sediments and other particles suspended in it. Worms and insects that burrow into the mud are abundant, as are waterfowl, frogs, fish, and other water animals.

It is maintained in the passage that, near the end of its course, a river or stream —-.

Rivers and streams generally support communities of organisms quite different from those of lakes and ponds. A river or stream changes greatly between its source and the point at which it empties into a lake or the sea. Near the source, a stream’s water is usually cold, low in nutrients, and clear. The channel is often narrow, with a swift current that does not allow much silt to accumulate on the bottom. Most of the organisms found here are supported by the photosynthesis of algae attached to rocks or by organic material, such as leaves, carried into the stream from the surrounding land. Downstream, a river or stream generally widens and slows. The water is usually warmer and may be cloudier because of sediments and other particles suspended in it. Worms and insects that burrow into the mud are abundant, as are waterfowl, frogs, fish, and other water animals.

A point made in the passage is that the organisms found in rivers and streams —-.

Rivers and streams generally support communities of organisms quite different from those of lakes and ponds. A river or stream changes greatly between its source and the point at which it empties into a lake or the sea. Near the source, a stream’s water is usually cold, low in nutrients, and clear. The channel is often narrow, with a swift current that does not allow much silt to accumulate on the bottom. Most of the organisms found here are supported by the photosynthesis of algae attached to rocks or by organic material, such as leaves, carried into the stream from the surrounding land. Downstream, a river or stream generally widens and slows. The water is usually warmer and may be cloudier because of sediments and other particles suspended in it. Worms and insects that burrow into the mud are abundant, as are waterfowl, frogs, fish, and other water animals.

As it is clear from the passage, there is a sharp contrast between —-.

Rivers and streams generally support communities of organisms quite different from those of lakes and ponds. A river or stream changes greatly between its source and the point at which it empties into a lake or the sea. Near the source, a stream’s water is usually cold, low in nutrients, and clear. The channel is often narrow, with a swift current that does not allow much silt to accumulate on the bottom. Most of the organisms found here are supported by the photosynthesis of algae attached to rocks or by organic material, such as leaves, carried into the stream from the surrounding land. Downstream, a river or stream generally widens and slows. The water is usually warmer and may be cloudier because of sediments and other particles suspended in it. Worms and insects that burrow into the mud are abundant, as are waterfowl, frogs, fish, and other water animals.

The passage gives us —-.

55. – 58. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.

During the economic depression that affected the whole Western world in the 1930s, with its mass unemployment, poverty and other social ills, governments, for the most part, did nothing. The accepted wisdom was that, given time, the free market would solve its own problems and that government interference would only make things worse. John Maynard Keynes, the British economist who challenged this belief, argued that it was the proper responsibility of governments to prevent both booms and recessions in order to maintain gradual economic growth and permanent full employment. He maintained that this could be done by manipulating taxation, credit and public expenditure. If the economy was growing too fast, then money and, therefore, demand could be taken out of the economy by higher taxes, lower government spending and by making it harder to borrow money. If there was recession and growing unemployment, then the government could put money into the economy through lower taxes, higher public expenditure and easier credit. Thus, demand could be encouraged. If, as a result, there was money in people’s pockets, then more would be spent on goods and more people would be needed to make the goods to fulfil the extra demand, and this would reduce unemployment.

According to the Keynesian argument summarized in the passage, in order to bring down unemployment, —-.

During the economic depression that affected the whole Western world in the 1930s, with its mass unemployment, poverty and other social ills, governments, for the most part, did nothing. The accepted wisdom was that, given time, the free market would solve its own problems and that government interference would only make things worse. John Maynard Keynes, the British economist who challenged this belief, argued that it was the proper responsibility of governments to prevent both booms and recessions in order to maintain gradual economic growth and permanent full employment. He maintained that this could be done by manipulating taxation, credit and public expenditure. If the economy was growing too fast, then money and, therefore, demand could be taken out of the economy by higher taxes, lower government spending and by making it harder to borrow money. If there was recession and growing unemployment, then the government could put money into the economy through lower taxes, higher public expenditure and easier credit. Thus, demand could be encouraged. If, as a result, there was money in people’s pockets, then more would be spent on goods and more people would be needed to make the goods to fulfil the extra demand, and this would reduce unemployment.

As it is clear from the passage, Keynes —-.

During the economic depression that affected the whole Western world in the 1930s, with its mass unemployment, poverty and other social ills, governments, for the most part, did nothing. The accepted wisdom was that, given time, the free market would solve its own problems and that government interference would only make things worse. John Maynard Keynes, the British economist who challenged this belief, argued that it was the proper responsibility of governments to prevent both booms and recessions in order to maintain gradual economic growth and permanent full employment. He maintained that this could be done by manipulating taxation, credit and public expenditure. If the economy was growing too fast, then money and, therefore, demand could be taken out of the economy by higher taxes, lower government spending and by making it harder to borrow money. If there was recession and growing unemployment, then the government could put money into the economy through lower taxes, higher public expenditure and easier credit. Thus, demand could be encouraged. If, as a result, there was money in people’s pockets, then more would be spent on goods and more people would be needed to make the goods to fulfil the extra demand, and this would reduce unemployment.

It is pointed out in the passage that, due to the economic depression in the West in the 1930s, —-.

During the economic depression that affected the whole Western world in the 1930s, with its mass unemployment, poverty and other social ills, governments, for the most part, did nothing. The accepted wisdom was that, given time, the free market would solve its own problems and that government interference would only make things worse. John Maynard Keynes, the British economist who challenged this belief, argued that it was the proper responsibility of governments to prevent both booms and recessions in order to maintain gradual economic growth and permanent full employment. He maintained that this could be done by manipulating taxation, credit and public expenditure. If the economy was growing too fast, then money and, therefore, demand could be taken out of the economy by higher taxes, lower government spending and by making it harder to borrow money. If there was recession and growing unemployment, then the government could put money into the economy through lower taxes, higher public expenditure and easier credit. Thus, demand could be encouraged. If, as a result, there was money in people’s pockets, then more would be spent on goods and more people would be needed to make the goods to fulfil the extra demand, and this would reduce unemployment.

As it is stated in the passage, in the 1930s, —-.

59. – 62. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.

Botany, the study of plants, is one of the major fields of biology, together with zoology and microbiology, and has been around for a very long time. Aristotle and Theophrastus, who lived in ancient Greece around the 4th century BC, were both involved in identifying and describing plants. Theophrastus has been called the ‘father of botany’ due to his two well-known books on plants that are still influential. The early study of plants, however, was not limited to Western cultures. The Chinese developed the study of botany along lines similar to the ancient Greeks at about the same time. In 60 AD, another Greek, Dioscorides, wrote De Materia Medica, a work that described a thousand medicines, 60 percent of which came from plants. It remained the guidebook on medicines in the Western world for 1,500 years until the compound microscope was invented in the late 16th century. During the 17th century, progress was made in plant experimentation. In the 19th century, rapid advances were made in the study of plant diseases after the potato blight that killed potato crops in Ireland in the 1840s. The study of plants continues today as botanists try to understand the structure, behaviour, and cellular activities of plants in order to develop better crops and create new medicines.

Why is Theophrastus called the ‘father of botany’?

Botany, the study of plants, is one of the major fields of biology, together with zoology and microbiology, and has been around for a very long time. Aristotle and Theophrastus, who lived in ancient Greece around the 4th century BC, were both involved in identifying and describing plants. Theophrastus has been called the ‘father of botany’ due to his two well-known books on plants that are still influential. The early study of plants, however, was not limited to Western cultures. The Chinese developed the study of botany along lines similar to the ancient Greeks at about the same time. In 60 AD, another Greek, Dioscorides, wrote De Materia Medica, a work that described a thousand medicines, 60 percent of which came from plants. It remained the guidebook on medicines in the Western world for 1,500 years until the compound microscope was invented in the late 16th century. During the 17th century, progress was made in plant experimentation. In the 19th century, rapid advances were made in the study of plant diseases after the potato blight that killed potato crops in Ireland in the 1840s. The study of plants continues today as botanists try to understand the structure, behaviour, and cellular activities of plants in order to develop better crops and create new medicines.

Which of the following is true about De Materia Medica?

Botany, the study of plants, is one of the major fields of biology, together with zoology and microbiology, and has been around for a very long time. Aristotle and Theophrastus, who lived in ancient Greece around the 4th century BC, were both involved in identifying and describing plants. Theophrastus has been called the ‘father of botany’ due to his two well-known books on plants that are still influential. The early study of plants, however, was not limited to Western cultures. The Chinese developed the study of botany along lines similar to the ancient Greeks at about the same time. In 60 AD, another Greek, Dioscorides, wrote De Materia Medica, a work that described a thousand medicines, 60 percent of which came from plants. It remained the guidebook on medicines in the Western world for 1,500 years until the compound microscope was invented in the late 16th century. During the 17th century, progress was made in plant experimentation. In the 19th century, rapid advances were made in the study of plant diseases after the potato blight that killed potato crops in Ireland in the 1840s. The study of plants continues today as botanists try to understand the structure, behaviour, and cellular activities of plants in order to develop better crops and create new medicines.

What is the current objective of botany?

Botany, the study of plants, is one of the major fields of biology, together with zoology and microbiology, and has been around for a very long time. Aristotle and Theophrastus, who lived in ancient Greece around the 4th century BC, were both involved in identifying and describing plants. Theophrastus has been called the ‘father of botany’ due to his two well-known books on plants that are still influential. The early study of plants, however, was not limited to Western cultures. The Chinese developed the study of botany along lines similar to the ancient Greeks at about the same time. In 60 AD, another Greek, Dioscorides, wrote De Materia Medica, a work that described a thousand medicines, 60 percent of which came from plants. It remained the guidebook on medicines in the Western world for 1,500 years until the compound microscope was invented in the late 16th century. During the 17th century, progress was made in plant experimentation. In the 19th century, rapid advances were made in the study of plant diseases after the potato blight that killed potato crops in Ireland in the 1840s. The study of plants continues today as botanists try to understand the structure, behaviour, and cellular activities of plants in order to develop better crops and create new medicines.

What is the passage mainly about?

63. – 67. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş bırakılan kısmını tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi bulunuz.

Journalist:
– Could you tell us about your research on heroic Egyptian kings?
Anthropologist:
– We found a skeleton that showed extensive battle trauma. After examining his injuries, we discovered that he had died due to the injuries he got while on a horse.
Journalist:
– —-
Anthropologist:
– Previously, the Egyptian kings riding into battle could only be seen in paintings and were thought to be just aggressive depictions of the ruling class. This is the first real evidence that points to the kings actually joining their armies in battle.

Patient:
– I don’t know if I’ll ever overcome this fear. Can you tell me again about this new memory therapy you want to try?
Psychologist:
– Well, I’m going to show you a series of pictures of the thing you’re afraid of at 10-minute intervals.
Patient:
– —-
Psychologist:
– Time is crucial to disrupting the brain’s ability to remember your fear. If we increase the time intervals between the pictures, your brain has more time to remember, and that’s exactly what we don’t want.

Doctor :
– How have you been feeling since we started you on the cholesterol-lowering diet and drug regimen?
Harry :
– Well, it’s been really hard for me. I’m not allowed to eat what I want, and I’ve been feeling depressed and aggressive for some reason.
Doctor :
– —-
Harry :
– In other words, they are only temporary then.

Peter :
– Here’s an interesting job advertisement. It seems they’re looking for a person with a PhD in physical sciences to assist in a nanomedicine study.
George :
– If the research topic is medicine, why do they need a physicist?
Peter :
– —-
George :
– I guess that makes sense. Most doctors don’t have that kind of training.

James:
– Is that a new saw that you’re using?
Harry:
-Yes, it is. Do you like it?
James:
– —–
Harrry:
– True. But this is a new design, and they are even going to bring out thinner, four-inch blades designed to cut ceramic tiles.

68. – 71. sorularda, verilen cümleye anlamca en yakın cümleyi bulunuz.

The fierce debate among scientists over whether intelligence is inherited or acquired later is yet to be resolved.

According to a recent study, there are more overfed people in the world today than those who do not have enough food to eat.

Quantum theory explains in principle how to understand the way our world works.

What can be done to make sure that a continuous flow of information will be maintained?

72. – 75. sorularda, boş bırakılan yere, parçada anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz.

Can coal ever become a friend of the environment? Coal-fired power stations supply half the electricity used in many industrial countries. —-. This, of course, is the most worrisome of the so-called ‘greenhouse gases.’

Although social and medical interventions have helped people live longer, none of the techniques have affected the aging process. —-. But, there is a change: there are far more 65-year-olds today than there used to be because the past century’s efforts reduced early mortality.

’If you want one year of prosperity, grow grain. If you want ten years of prosperity, grow trees. If you want 100 years of prosperity, grow people.’ —-. It sums up how the entry of China’s massive labour force into the global economy is bringing prosperity to the nation.

—-. Forests are dying, most impressively by burning. The damage done by wildfires in the US, the vast majority of them in the western states, has increased greatly since the late 1980s. In 2, nearly ten million acres were destroyed. With temperatures in the region up by 2°C over the past 30 years, spring is coming sooner to the western mountains. The snowpack – already diminished by drought – melts earlier in the year, drying the land and creating perfect conditions for wildfires. As hotter summers extend into autumn, the fires are ending later as well.

76. – 80. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz.

(I) In any school, in any week of the year a dyslexic child experiences a huge amount of failure. (II) Without self-confidence no real progress is possible. (III) With sequencing difficulties, any form of writing or maths is going to present severe problems. (IV) The dyslexic child cannot fail to notice that almost all the other children can do the work fairly easily. (V) He therefore concludes that he must be stupid and his confidence goes.

(I) Britain’s character has been shaped by its geographical position as an island. (II) Never successfully invaded since 1066, its people have developed their own distinctive traditions. (III) Founded by the Romans in the first century A.D. as an administrative centre and trading port, London is the capital of the country. (IV) This is also reflected in the country’s historical heritage of castles, cathedrals and stately homes. (V) Indeed, although today a member of the European Union, Britain continues to maintain its nonconformity.

(I) ‘Each day is a journey, and the journey itself is home’, the poet Matsuo Basho wrote more than 300 years ago in the first entry of his masterpiece Narrow Road to a Far Province. (II) Today, Basho is the first writer that many Japanese read seriously, and many people admire his poetry. (III) Thousands of people make pilgrimages to his birthplace and burial shrine, and travel parts of Basho’s Trail. (IV) After three centuries, his Narrow Road still speaks to readers around the world. (V) After his master died, Basho spent most of his life in Kyoto.

(I) The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria in Geneva channels money donated by affluent governments, including the UK and the US, to poor nations. (II) But in Uganda, in 2005, it all went wrong. (III) The money that most African governments set aside for buying and distributing medicines is too little. (IV) The Fund suspended all its grants to the country for two-and-a-half months after discovering that money was being stolen by officials in the Ministry of Health. (V) Future grants were made conditional on annual audit reports being produced by the government, which took three years to emerge.

(I) Identifying bacteria is a critical business for doctors and food safety experts, but involves either culturing the bacteria until there are enough to look at under a microscope or amplifying the bacteria’s DNA. (II) Both these processes take hours, sometimes days. (III) The sensor is 25 times smaller than previously tested sensors, and is made of silicon, so it requires the same fabrication technique as computer chips and costs just eight cents. (IV) Now bacteriophages, the viruses that prey on bacteria and are notoriously choosy about which species they attack, are being put to work in an electrical sensor that detects bacteria within minutes. (V) The sensors take up less than a square millimetre each, so to identify unknown bacteria, hundreds could be integrated onto a single microchip with a different bacteriophage in each sensor.